从文学和物理学到地球科学：漫谈时间*

笔者从文学、物理学、地球科学到地质年代学论及时间点和时间段的定年问题。同位素地质年代学定年起源于欧洲,已有近百年的历史相当成熟,但只能测定地质事件峰值（时间点）迄今的年龄;我们倡导的构造地质年代学速率法定年为近年的探索,可以直接测定地质事件过程（时间段）历经的年龄。同位素地质年代学定年与构造地质年代学定年两者相互补。     

“石油无机成因说”的理论与实践

对石油的无机成因理论进行了评述,其中包括地幔脱气论、中地壳与费-托合成说、板块构造与费-托合成说.沥青、原油、干酪根的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素,原油及沥青中高含量的微量元素以及原油中的有机化合物均揭示了原油无机生成的科学依据,这是中国科学家对石油地质学的重大贡献.石油的无机成因理论是可以指导油气勘探的,并以辽宁义县-北票地区、苏南地区、鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起、四川松潘-甘孜褶皱带、柴达木盆地为例讨论了寻找大油气田的可能性.     

The nonmarine environment of Quaternary foraminifers in Yanghuzhuang, China: Evidence from boron and strontium isotopes

The concentrations and isotopic compositions of boron and strontium of Quaternary foraminifera and bivalve fossils collected in the Yanghuzhuang section of Yanqing, Beijing and of modern gastropods living in the Guishul River and of river water were measured. The concentrations and isotopic compositions of Quaternary foraminifera and bivalve fossils differed from those of modern marine foraminifers and were similar to those of modern terrestrial gastropods from the Guishui Riven These results Indicate that early Quaternary foraminifera in the Yanghuzhuang section inhabited a nonmarine environment and that these foraminifera were not the result of a transgression or sea flooding. The foraminifera were not special halobios and can survive in the terrestrial condition that resembled those of the ocean.     

NdFeCoBZrGa合金各向异性磁粉的制备

HDDR(氢化-歧化-脱氢-再结合)工艺是一种用于生产各向异性Nd2Fe14B基磁粉的有效方法.主要研究了真空HDDR工艺(即合金在真空中以较快速率加热到820℃左右,然后在一定的氢气压力下吸氢歧化)及添加合金元素Ga对Nd13Fe64.4-yCo16B6.5Zr0.1Gay(y=0.1,0.3,0.5,1.0)合金磁性能的影响规律.结果表明,真空HDDR工艺的吸氢歧化阶段是促使材料产生磁各向异性的关键,脱氢阶段采用低真空高温制度是材料获得高各向异性的保证;合金元素Ga有助于细化主相晶粒,提高材料的综合磁性能,其最佳原子分数添加量为0.5%;成分为Nd13Fe63.9Co16B6.5Zr0.1...     

Nd(HOC_6H_4COO)_4(C_3H_4N_2)_2·4H_2O三元配合物的合成、表征、热分解动力学及抑菌活性研究

用硝酸钕与对羟基苯甲酸(HOC6H4COO)和咪唑(C3H4N2,简称Im)在95%乙醇中反应,合成了一种新型稀土三元配合物,通过元素分析和化学分析确定其组成为Nd(HOC6H4COO)4(C3H4N2)2·4H2O,并通过红外光谱、紫外光谱对配合物进行了表征.根据TG-DTG曲线研究了配合物的热分解过程;利用Satava-Sestak积分法和Achat-Brindley-Wendworth微分法对脱水阶段的非等温动力学数据进行分析,推断出脱水阶段动力学方程为da/dt=A/β·e-E/RT{(1一α)[-IN(1-α)-2]/3}.研究了配合物的抑菌活性,抑菌活性试验发现标题配合物对苏云金芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌具有不同程度的抑菌效果.     

LD泵浦KTP腔内倍频Nd:YAG红光激光器

本文报道了二极管端面泵浦Nd:YAG晶体连续660 nm红光激光器的理论设计和试验结果.本实验采用Ⅱ类临界相位匹配KTP晶体对1 319 nm基频波腔内倍频,在泵浦功率7 W时得到86 mW 660 nm红光,光-光转换效率为1.22%.     

大民屯凹陷油气充注史研究

油气充注历史的研究一直是石油地质学和油藏地球化学的重点和难点,而近年来流体定年技术的兴起为人们解决油气充注期次和时间提供了定量分析手段.利用伊利石K-Ar定年技术和流体包裹体均一温度分别研究了大民屯凹陷油气充注史.前者确定出的主充注期略晚于后者的分析结果.结合生烃史模拟资料认为:伊利石K-Ar定年结果可能更精确,但其样品挑选难度大,且只能用于砂岩油藏成藏史分析.而流体包裹体均一温度可用于碎屑岩和非碎屑岩油藏成藏史的分析.大民屯凹陷下第三系和太古界潜山油藏主充注时期为沙一二—东营早期,其中北部安福屯洼陷成藏期(沙一二期)略早于南部荣胜堡洼陷(东营早期).     

湄洲岛海岸地貌特征及成因研究

湄洲岛海岸地貌的发育受海洋动力和断层活动双重控制。东部以海岸侵蚀为主,形成海蚀崖、海蚀平台、海蚀壕沟等地貌,在岬角间,形成海滩堆积;西部以堆积为主,形成淤泥质海滩,海蚀作用相对比东部弱。东峤断裂控制了台地和丘陵的分布,断裂东盘抬升形成丘陵,西盘下降形成台地。受北西—南东走向的仙游—郊尾断层左行运动影响,湄洲岛北部向西移动,南部向东移动,使岛的轮廓呈＂S＂形态。福建沿海在距今0.7—0.6万年前发生海侵时,湄洲岛处于断块抬升环境,就岛的局地范围,处于低海面;在0.4—0.3万年前福建沿海海侵达到高峰时,湄洲岛的海侵经历了两个阶段,第一阶段为水动型海侵,第二阶段为地动型海侵。     

Mo isotopes in the Lower Cambrian formation of southern China and its implications on paleo-ocean environment

Over the past decade, as one of nontraditional stable isotopes, Mo isotope has developed rapidly and now become an important geochemical proxy to trace paleo-oceanic and atmospheric evolution through geological history. In this paper, Early Cambrian formations in southern China are investigated. The results indicate that δ 97/95Mo values of Early Cambrian seawater may have been larger than 1.4‰, values that are close to those of the modern ocean. It was also found that the variations in Mo isotope composition in samples from two sections （Huangjiawan and Gezhongwu in Guizhou） were closely related to changes in redox conditions during sedimentary processes. Combining our results with existing data, a preliminary model for the evolution of seawater Mo isotope composition through geological history was provided. It indicated that Mo isotopic variations were generally consistent with the evolution of atmospheric oxygen.     

The carbon isotopic compositions of Non-methane Hydrocarbons in atmosphere

Carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric Non-methane Hydrocarbons(NMHCs) in the urban areas of Taiyuan and Lanzhou in summer were reported and the sources of NMHCs are discussed.Carbon isotopic ratios(δ 13C) of vehicle exhaust,coal-combustion exhaust,fuel volatiles and cooking exhaust were also measured with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-isotope ratio-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-IR-MS).δ 13C values of NMHCs in the urban areas of Lanzhou and Taiyuan range from-32.3‰ to-22.3‰ and from-32.8‰ to-18.1‰.δ ...