高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究现状与展望

高应变速率超塑性是一个涉及先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料的高科技前沿研究领域 美国SuperformAluminium公司采用超塑成形技术使轿车重量减轻了一半 ,大大降低了油耗与排放 ,因此高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究对于今后有效地利用地球资源和减少地球环境污染具有重要的现实意义 应变速率太低和成本太高是今后超塑性先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料大规模实用化进程中必须解决的关键问题 本文综述了国内外超塑性铝基复合材料和铝合金的制备、性能及变形机理的研究现状 ,指出了加快铸造法低成本制备高应变速率超塑性铝合金研究的迫切性 ,并展望了该材料在 2 1世纪的应用前景     

应变致价带分裂对p型Si_（1－x）Ge_x应变层中重掺杂禁带窄变的影响

针对应变Ｓｉ（１－ｘ）Ｇｅｘ的应变致价带分裂及重掺杂对裂值的影响，提出了该合金价带结构的等价有效简并度模型和有关算法，模型中考虑了非抛物线价带结构。应用这个模型，计算了赝形生长在＜１００＞Ｓｉ衬底上的ｐ型Ｓｉ（１－ｘ）Ｇｅｘ应变层的重掺杂禁带窄变，发现当杂质浓度超过约２×１０１９ｃｍ（－３）后它在某一Ｇｅ组分下得到极大值，而当掺杂低于此浓度时它则随Ｇｅ组分的增加单调下降，与实验报道的对比证实了本模型的有效性。     

Design and fabrication of superconducting HEB mixer

This paper describes the design and fabrication of superconducting hot electron bolometer （HEB） mixer based on ultra-thin superconducting NbN films. The high quality films were epitaxially grown on high resistance Si substrates. The device was fabricated by magnetron sputtering, electron beam lithography （EBL）, reactive ion etching （RIE）, lithography, and so on. The device＇s resistance-temperature （R-T） curves and current-voltage （I-V） curves were studied. The results of THz response of the device are presented. Y-factor technique was used to measure the device＇s noise temperature. When the device was irradiated with a laser radiation of 2.5 THz, the obtained lowest noise temperature of the device was 2213 K.     

铝热自蔓延制备CuCr合金渣系的粘度测量及模型建立(Ⅰ)

根据Al2O3基渣系的结构特点将S.C.Du和S.Seetharaman等人的粘度数学模型应用于非二氧化硅体系,建立了针对铝热反应测量渣系粘度的模型·根据添加剂选择原则结合相图研究了CaO Al2O3和CaO Al2O3 MgO体系作为铝热自蔓延制备CuCr合金渣系组分的可行性·由实验测量值和模型计算值比较分析,该模型处理以Al2O3为基体的渣系是成功的·     

Containerless solidification of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 glass-forming alloy in drop tube

Droplets of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 glass form-ing alloys with different sizes are solidified in a drop tubecontainerless processing. Glass transition behavior, crystal-lization kinetics, and the phase evolution during annealing of the Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 glassy spheres are investigated. The experimental results indicate that the apparent activation energy of the glass transition (Eg = 435.5 kJ/mol), and the activation energy of the main crystallization reaction (Ep1 = 249.6 kJ/mol) are obviously different from those of bulk glass samples prepared by water quenched (Eg = 559.1 kJ/mol and Ep1 =192.5 kJ/mol). The difference is discussed in the view point of the atomic configuration of the liquid state of the metallic glass and nucleation mechanism.     

磁性纳米粒子制备及其在印染厂污水处理中的应用

 选取聚合物包覆Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子作为超导磁分离污水处理工艺中的磁种,扩大超导磁分离技术在污水处理领域的应用范围。常温条件下合成Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS),高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对制备的磁性纳米粒子性质进行评价。结果发现,磁性纳米粒子直径在6～10nm,表面被含有羧基的聚合物分子链包覆,且在常温下磁性纳米粒子显示超顺磁性。随后以印染厂污水为对象,检验磁性纳米粒子对污水处理的能力。本研究主要比较污水处理前后的浊度和化学需氧量（COD值）,结果显示聚合物包裹Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子可有效去除印染厂废水中的污物。     

形变热处理对2197铝锂合金组织和性能的影响

对2197合金进行形变热处理,通过力学性能试验和TEM观察分析了不同时效阶段合金的力学性能和微观组织,研究了形变热处理对2197合金的组织和性能影响,结果表明:形变热处理2197合金峰时效时主要析出相为尺寸为50～150nm分布均匀的T1相。形变热处理为T1相的非均匀形核提供了优越的形核场所,促进了T1相的析出及长大,减少了2197合金达到峰时效的时间;长宽比较大的T1相的强化效果大于δ′相和θ′相,形变热处理还可以提高2197合金的峰时效强度。     

Single photon response of superconducting nanowire single photon detector

Single photon detection is one of the key technologies for quantum key distribution in quantum communication. As a novel single photon detection technology, superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) surpasses conventional semiconducting single photon detectors with high count rate and low dark count rate. In this article, we introduce SNSPD fabricated from NbN ultrathin superconducting film and lab-based SNSPD system. The characteristics of single photon response pulse of SNSPD are analyzed in detail. Also discussed is the relationship between waveform of single photon response and system bandwidth. Circuit model is made to analyze the performance of SNSPD. The simulation result agrees well with the experimental data. Those results are valuable for understanding the mechanism of SNSPD and building future SNSPD system for quantum communication.     

冷风油雾润滑对TC4铣削过程刀-屑摩擦的影响

通过钛合金TC4的铣削实验,研究冷风油雾润滑介质特性及其施加方式对刀具-切屑摩擦行为的影响.冷风油雾喷嘴布置在刀具将要切入工件前的空行程中,其润滑效果最好.当出油量增加到一定值(约12mL·h-1)时,刀具-切屑平均摩擦系数不再发生明显变化.随着钛合金TC4铣削速度的提高,冷风干切削的平均摩擦系数增大,而冷风油雾切削的平均摩擦系数变化不明显,且远低于冷风干切削的平均摩擦系数.结果表明:油雾载体速度和刀具转速存在一定的匹配关系,使润滑效果达到最优.