钾离子高效吸附剂H8Nb22O59·8H2O的合成及其特性

用浓度为10mol／L HNO3对高温固相合成的H8Nb22O59进行酸洗脱Rb＋,制得吸附剂H8Nb22O59·8H2O,并对心的交换性能进行研究,同时运用XRD和SEM进行表征．结果表明：H8Nb22O59·8H2O与H8Nb22O59具有相似的结构;H8Nb22O59·8H2O对于Na＋和K＋的饱和吸附量接近理论吸附量2．55mmol／g,表明吸附剂对Na＋和K＋具有较高的亲和性;在pH为2～8的范围内,H8Nb22O59·8H2O对K＋具有较高的分配系数,而分离因数随pH的升高而显著降低;H8Nb22O59·8H2O重复使用后对0仍具有较高的吸附选择性．     

医用Ti6Al7Nb合金氧化行为及其磨损性能

为提高生物医用Ti6Al7Nb合金表面的耐磨损性能,研究了在500~800℃空气中的热氧化行为以及其改善的磨损性能.研究结果表明:500~600℃氧化速率低,表面硬度较基体变化不大.在750℃以上,氧化速度增加,氧化动力学遵从抛物线规律,氧化物主要由TiO2和少量Al2O3组成.在800℃时,氧化物颗粒长大,氧化层疏松,极易剥落.综合考虑硬化层深度和氧化时间,得出最佳热氧化工艺参数为750℃氧化8 h.在此工艺下处理的钛合金表面硬度达到1 047 HV,耐磨性是原合金材料的280倍.分析了合金氧化后耐磨损性能的提高机制.     

厚规格汽车轮辐用钢的焊接性能

为了研究含Nb微合金控轧控冷厚规格汽车轮辐用钢的焊后组织、性能、冷裂纹敏感性及微合金元素对焊接性能的影响,采用理论计算评定试验钢的冷裂敏感性和淬硬倾向;利用直流氩弧工艺,模拟车轮厂焊接工艺参数,对钢板进行焊接.利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究试验钢板焊后接头的微观组织结构;并对接头的力学性能进行研究.试验结果表明,厚规格汽车轮辐钢的热影响区(HAZ)冷裂倾向小;微合金元素Nb的加入提高了焊接热影响区性能;焊接后各部位组织、性能未发生明显改变.可得出结论:厚规格汽车轮辐钢的焊接性能较好.     

Rapid directionally solidified microstructure characteristic and fracture behaviour of laser melting deposited Nb–Si–Ti alloy

Aiming at achieving fine and directionally-solidified microstructure of Nb-Si based alloy,Nb,Si and Ti powder particles were utilized as the raw materials,and laser melting deposition(LMD) experiments were conducted with1500 W and 2000 W laser power,respectively.The microstructure characteristic,micro-hardness,and indentation fracture toughness were examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer(XEDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results showed that the two kinds of as-deposited Nb-17 Si-23 Ti alloy samples were mainly composed of Nbss,(Nb,Ti)3 Si and Ti-rich Nbss,and the microstructure presents rapid directionally-solidified characteristic,in which the 100 crystallographic direction of Nbss and 110 crystallographic direction of(Nb,Ti)3 Si tend to be parallel to the LMD building direction.With the laser power increasing from 1500 W to 2000 W,the microstructure became more oriented and homogeneous.For the sample at 2000 W,the dendrite spacing was only about 1-2 μm,and Nbss and(Nb,Ti)3 Si couples grow alternately and they are parallel to the building direction strictly.In the meantime the micro-hardness and indentation fracture toughness reached 1075 HV and 20.3 MPa·m~(1/2),respectively,indicating significant improvement by the directional growth of fine Nbss and(Nb,Ti)3 Si phases,and the dimple fracture mode of the Nbss dendrites.     

Fe元素对重水堆Zr-2.5Nb合金压力管辐照变形的作用

现行标准体系中,Fe元素作为重水堆Zr-2.5Nb合金压力管中的杂质元素,含量上限受到严格控制。对已建成重水堆用Zr-2.5Nb合金压力管材料的堆内辐照试验表明,Fe元素含量较高会降低辐照生长及辐照蠕变导致的变形应变。归因于Fe 元素对空位在α-Zr晶粒内的移动性的增强作用。空位的加速运动促进了空位<c>型位错环的形成,同时位错应力场的对称性减小了位错环的拉伸应变区。考虑到Fe元素在保障压力管堆形状稳定性方面的积极作用,在制订重水堆压力管用Zr-2.5Nb合金的技术条件时,除满足标准要求外,还应对Fe元素含量下限作出规定。