Kant on anatomy and the status of the life sciences

This paper contributes to recent interest in Kant's engagement with the life sciences by focusing on one corner of those sciences that has received comparatively little attention: physical and comparative anatomy. By attending to remarks spread across Kant's writings, we gain some insight into Kant's understanding of the disciplinary limitations but also the methodological sophistication of the study of anatomy and physiology. Insofar as Kant highlights anatomy as a paradigmatic science guided by the principle of teleology in the Critique of the Power of Judgment, a more careful study of Kant's discussions of anatomy promises to illuminate some of the obscurities of that text and of his understanding of the life sciences more generally. In the end, it is argued, Kant's ambivalence with regard to anatomy gives way to a pessimistic conclusion about the possibility that anatomy, natural history, and, by extension, the life sciences more generally might one day become true natural sciences.     

空中联合投送任务规划仿真与效能评估系统

空中投送体系在现代战争中发挥着重要作用。与美俄等军事强国相比,我国空中投送体系还存在明显的短板与不足。针对投送体系论证与使用分析需求,围绕运输机与货物、机场、航线之间的交互关系以及投送体系内多机型的协同关系,开发建立了一套具有模型构建与管理、想定编辑、运输任务规划、仿真推演、效能评估等模块的投送体系仿真与分析系统,可实现装载方案自动生成、任务流程自动规划、多机型组合使用优选、多任务动态调度等功能,能为我国未来投送体系与投送装备的发展论证提供技术手段。     

Natural diversity: A neo-essentialist misconstrual of homeostatic property cluster theory in natural kind debates

In natural kind debates, Boyd's famous Homeostatic Property Cluster theory (HPC) is often misconstrued in two ways: Not only is it thought to make for a normative standard for natural kinds, but also to require the homeostatic mechanisms underlying nomological property clusters to be uniform. My argument for the illegitimacy of both overgeneralizations, both on systematic as well as exegetical grounds, is based on the misconstrued view's failure to account for functional kinds in science. I illustrate the combination of these two misconstruals with recent entries into the natural kind debate about emotions. Finally, I examine and reject Stich's “Kornblith-Devitt method” as a potential justification of these misconstruals.     

高层钢框架-支撑结构动力特性分析

首先建立了钢框架-支撑结构杆系-层模型理论的动力特性分析简化模型,提出基于该模型的剪切型和弯剪型结构体系固有频率与基本周期的理论计算方法及其2种实用计算方法。最后通过算例对本文计算结果与ANSYS分析结果、美国UBC计算结果对照分析,对影响该结构体系固有频率与基本周期的相关因素进行了详细分析。     

Pierre Duhem’s good sense as a guide to theory choice

This paper examines Duhem’s concept of good sense as an attempt to support a non rule-governed account of rationality in theory choice. Faced with the underdetermination of theory by evidence thesis and the continuity thesis, Duhem tried to account for the ability of scientists to choose theories that continuously grow to a natural classification. I will examine the concept of good sense and the problems that stem from it. I will also present a recent attempt by David Stump to link good sense to virtue epistemology. I will argue that even though this approach can be useful for the better comprehension of the concept of good sense, there are some substantial differences between virtue epistemologists and Duhem. In the light of this reconstruction of good sense, I will propose a possible way to interpret the concept of good sense, which overcomes the noted problems and fits better with Duhem’s views on scientific method and motivation in developing the concept of good sense.     

命题逻辑与数学证明方法（Ⅲ）

简单地讨论了命题逻辑,用命题逻辑全面地研究了推理格式和数学证明方法,形成一个完整的系统.内容包括反证法推理格式、反证法、数学证明方法总结.     

全悬挂多点啮合柔性传动的动力学模型

本文根据第二类拉格朗日方程对全悬挂多点啮合柔性传动装置建立了完整的运动微分方程,其中不仅考虑了悬挂齿轮箱牵连转动的影响及作用于电动机定子上的电磁力矩,还计及了耗散力的广义力.文中使用能量法推导了扭力杆缓冲装置的等效扭转刚度,用广义雅可比法求解了系统的广义特征值问题,并通过计算验证了 12自由度和3自由度两种动力学模型的正确性和一致性.     

东濮凹陷天然气分布成因及富集因素

东濮凹陷天然气资源非常丰富,纵向上主要集中在盐下沙三~4、沙四及盐间沙二下、沙三~1、沙三~3段;平面上则主要分布在凹陷北部中央隆起带上。现已探明的天然气,从化学组成上看有干气、湿气、凝折气;从成因上分析有油型气、煤系气及两者相互掺合的混合气。下第三系和石炭二迭系是两套主要生气源岩。由于早第三纪凹陷快速沉降,使下伏石炭二迭纪煤系进入二次生气期,同时使下第三系生油气岩系相当一部分进入高成熟生气阶段,形成丰富的气源。其上又有分布广、厚度大的膏盐作为良好的盖层,天然气不易散失,故导致凹陷中天然气的富集。     

中国古代研究西北自然地理的思想

中国古代研究西北自然地理,已出现了关注本区总的特点、内部差异性、类型和变迁、成因和规律,以及知识的应用等宝贵思想。它们在一定层次上与现代思想相一致。因此为着更好地认识和开发利用本区,以及更好地发展自然地理学,仍须继承和发扬这些思想,并须发挥它们的历史的借鉴作用。     

试论我国自然保护区分类和管理体系

本文对我国自然保护区分类体系提出建立二级分类系统:1.按照保护的对象和目的把自然保护区划分为六类:自然生态系统保护区,重要生物物种保护区;森林公园;山地水源保护区;自然遗产保护区;自然资源保护区。2.根据自然资源条件和综合管理的要求划分为若干小区,即:核心区、缓冲区、实验区、经营区、旅览区、动、植物园、生活服务区等。明确保护区类型和实行分区制是强化保护和实行综合管理的重要措施。