Scientific heritage: Reflections on its nature and new approaches to preservation,study and access

Scientific heritage can be found in every teaching and research institution, large or small, from universities to museums, from hospitals to secondary schools, from scientific societies to research laboratories. It is generally dispersed and vulnerable. Typically, these institutions lack the awareness, internal procedures, policies, or qualified staff to provide for its selection, preservation, and accessibility. Moreover, legislation that protects cultural heritage does not generally apply to the heritage of science. In this paper we analyse the main problems that make scientific heritage preservation so difficult to address. We discuss the concept and present existing preservation tools, including recent surveys, legislation, policies, and innovative institutional approaches. We briefly analyse two recent initiatives for the preservation of scientific heritage, at the Universities of Lisbon and Cambridge.     

Museums and scientific material culture at the University of Toronto

Since its foundation in the mid-nineteenth century, the University of Toronto has accumulated a substantial number of historically-significant scientific objects. As Canada’s largest research university, much of this material is of national significance. Despite numerous attempts since the late 1970s to establish a universal policy for the preservation and safeguarding of scientific apparatus, the survival of Toronto’s scientific material heritage has depended partly on the initiatives of dedicated individuals, partly on luck.The following examination seeks a comprehensive history of the material culture of science at the University, focussing on scientific instrumentation and natural history collections. It examines the circumstances under which some material survives and traces efforts to develop a curated collection, concluding with some recent progress in acquiring storage and developing an online catalogue. It argues that early university science museums formed an important venue through which the University fulfilled its public function of studying the frontier and assisting the expansion of the colonies. The display and interpretation of scientific material culture had an important impact on the University’s early history.     

模型误差与轨道精度

应用模型与实际模型总是存在差异,如何从理论上探讨这种差异的影响以及在实际处理中如何进行选择是非常困难的。本文中分析了差异的主要原因,明确了模型误差的概念,并从理论上探讨了模型误差对轨道估计精度的影响,给出了具体的影响误差计算公式;在此基础上,提出了轨道参数的估计效率和客户效率的概念,并由此导出了模型误差处理原则,从而回答了实际数据处理中,模型误差处理方案的选择问题。最后,给出了一个应用实例     

一种逐步优化灰导数背景值的GM(1,1)建模方法

证明了离散齐次指数函数经一次累加生成后为离散非齐次指数.进而在GM(1,1)以均值生成作为灰导数背影值的基础上,进一步提出了一种逐步优化灰导数背景值的方法,提高了建模精度,特别对于绝对灰度为0(或很小)的具有齐次灰指数律的数据,应用该方法可以得到十分理想的预测模型.     

战区物资调运数学模型研究

如何优化分配,合理调运,及时准确地完成后勤保障任务,是现代战争中战区物资调运面临的重要问题之一.基于运输问题,就现代战争条件下战区物资调运问题的各种情况建立了数学模型.该模型可用于后勤物资保障的决策支持系统及指挥自动化系统,为解决战时后勤保障供应问题提供了新的理论方法和思路.     

0-1整型规划的Hopfield神经网算法分析

提出了0-1整型线性和二次型规划(0-1ILQP)的Hopfield神经网的解法.即将0-1ILQP的目标函数和约束条件用罚函数的方法写成能量函数形式,然后利用Hopfield神经网求解出该能量函数的全局最小点,从而求解出原0-1ILQP的最优解.最后,作为一个算例,给出了此方法在优化卫星任务规划中的成功应用.     

浅谈高校图书馆联盟的资源建设与共享

论文简要介绍了高校图书馆联盟。着重分析了高校图书馆联盟的资源建设和资源共享的措施以及建设共享中存在的问题。     

高校图书馆新生入馆教育实践

如何高效地利用图书馆获取信息资源是大学生们不可或缺的基本素养,入学之初对大学新生进行入馆教育是重要的一环。本文根据本校图书馆的自身特点,从四个方面对新生入馆教育实践进行了探索,以期新生们尽快地认识大学图书馆,并高效地利用图书馆。     

论大学生村官政策对夯实党的执政基础的关系

大学生村官政策自启动以来发挥了积极作用。但是,从完善政策和实际效果双重研究视角来思考,如何合理定位大学生村官身份,使大学生村官在其位谋其政;如何健全大学生村官选拔机制,实现大学生与村官真正对接;如何发挥大学生村官积极作用,使他们成为加强农村基层党组织建设的新生力量,既是我们要认真研究的现实课题,也是夯实党在农村的执政基础必须具备的逻辑起点。     

高校图书馆服务地方经济文化的可行性——以河西学院图书馆为例

以河西学院图书馆为例,从专业人才优势、文献资源优势、技术设备优势3方面探讨了高校图书馆服务为地方经济、文化服务的可行性,提出了高校图书馆服务为地方经济、文化服务的具体措施。