浅析金属屋面施工技术

金属屋面系统适用于大跨公共建筑。对工程实例铝镁锰合金板直立锁边屋面系统进行了详细介绍,阐述了屋面系统的构造、建筑技术要求的适应性、施工技术及质量控制等重点内容,为同类工程的设计提供了参考和借鉴。     

MgCl_2-KCl-AlF_3-(La_2O_3)熔盐体系电解制备Al-Mg-La中间合金

在质量比为41.5∶48.5∶10的MgCl_2-KCl-AlF3熔盐体系中加入质量分数为0.6%La_2O_3,利用电解法制备了Al-Mg-La合金.用ICP-OES(电感耦合等离子体光谱仪)和XRD进行了合金的组成和物相分析.研究结果表明,在电解温度800℃,阴极电流密度6.92A/cm2,槽电压5.3~5.4V,电解时间为1h的条件下,电流效率为86.2%,得到的合金主相为α-Mg基体、β-Al12Mg17相与Al11La3相.高的阴极电流密度有利于合金中镁含量的增加.     

航空铝合金预腐蚀疲劳寿命退化规律

航空铝合金材料在服役过程中常因腐蚀损伤而导致疲劳断裂问题,通过采用扫描电镜及疲劳寿命测试等方法,研究了不同预腐蚀损伤对2xxx铝合金在不同应力比下疲劳寿命的影响,探讨了预腐蚀损伤对疲劳裂纹萌生扩展的影响机理.结果表明:预腐蚀损伤对2xxx铝合金材料疲劳寿命的影响显著,材料的疲劳性能随着腐蚀损伤程度的增加而明显下降.同时建立了预腐蚀损伤对材料疲劳极限的影响系数C-T-R模型,材料疲劳极限的影响系数C随着预腐蚀时间的增加或者应力比R的增加而变大.断口分析表明,预腐蚀损伤的存在导致裂纹萌生寿命大大缩短,裂纹萌生由单源转变为多源,并且均萌生于腐蚀坑处.     

Enhanced mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets by continuous bending process after V-bending

The effects of V-bending process, continuous bending process and combination process on the microstructure and mechanical properties and formability of an AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet were investigated. The experimental results showed that no twins were found in the microstructure of all samples after processes due to the fine grain. The V-bending and continuous bending processes were proved to be an effective approach to modify the mechanical properties and formability. While the samples after the combination process exhibited better mechanical properties and formability than the single processed sample. The yield strength significantly decreased with the value of 100 MPa and the fracture elongation enhanced to 18.3% at room temperature. The Erichsen value was 5.0 mm which was significantly increased by 117% compared with as-received sample. The superior formability of combination processed samples was mainly attributed to the smaller r-value and n-value.     

Effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of La1−xMgxNi3.5 (x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys

The effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of the annealed La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys have been studied. All the samples were mainly composed of(LaMg)_2Ni_7,(LaMg)Ni_3, and LaNi_5 phases. Mg substitution for La changed the phase abundance, but did not change the constitution of all phases, which is con fi rmed by the results of backscattered SEM images and EDS analysis. The P–C isotherms indicated that the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reversibly absorbed and desorbed hydrogen smoothly at 298 K. The hydrogen absorption cyclic stabilities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy after 5 hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles reached the maximum values of91.9% and 96.0% at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. The hydrogen desorption capacity and plateau pressure for the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy reached the maximum values of 1.055 H/M and 0.074 MPa, respectively. The desorption capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5reached 0.193 H/M and 0.565 H/M in the fi rst minute at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. Electrochemical property measurement indicated that La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20,0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys possessed excellent activation capability and were completely activated within3 cycles. Discharge capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reached 378.2 m A h/g(x = 0.20 at%), 342.7 m A h/g(x = 0.23 at%), and 369.6 m A h/g(x = 0.25 at%), respectively. Moreover, energy density of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy was much larger than that of La_0.80Mg_0.20Ni_3.5 alloy and nearly approaches the maximum value of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5. Thus, the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy exhibits optimum comprehensive properties of hydrogen storage and electrochemistry.     

Microstructure and properties of in-situ synthesized Cu-1 wt%TiC alloy followed by ECAP and post-annealing

A dispersion-strengthened copper alloy with 1 wt% TiC for commercial electrical-contact wires was prepared by in-situ reaction casting, grain-ultrafining by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent annealing with aim to obtain excellent comprehensive performance. The results showed that fine TiC particles were in-situ synthesized in the as-cast Cu matrix and aggregated in clusters, and thus mechanical properties of the as-cast alloy deemed insufficient. Continued ECAP at 473 K significantly refined the grains of the as-cast alloy and improved the distribution of TiC particles. Due to multiple strengthening mechanisms, the ECAP-processed alloys maintained good conductivity with obviously enhanced tensile strength and hardness values. After post-ECAP annealing, the elongation and conductivity of the fine-grained copper alloy increased with the adequate tensile strength. The novel combined process endows the alloy appropriate performance to serve current high-frequency electrification railway systems.     

成形速度对7075半固态模锻组织均匀性的影响

在半固态模锻过程中,经常会出现液相偏析现象,使零件出现"弱点"或"弱区",这些"弱点"或"弱区"通常又是潜在的裂纹源和服役条件下失效的起因。为了分析研究半固态模锻液相偏析的影响因素,应用DEFORM-3D软件对7075铝合金半固态模锻充型过程进行了模拟,研究了成形速度对7075铝合金杯形件充型过程的影响规律。在模拟的基础上,利用压力机及杯形实验模具,进行了半固态7075铝合金流变模锻成形,研究了成形速度对7075铝合金杯形件半固态模锻组织均匀性的影响。模拟和实验结果表明:成形速度越高,充型越不平稳;在压头温度400℃、成形比压50 MPa、合金温度628℃的条件下,随着成形速度的增加,杯形件的液相偏析度增加,组织越不均匀,当成形速度为5mm/s时,杯形件的液相偏析度高达18.2%。     

难加工合金材料复杂曲面磁性磨料光整加工技术

磁性磨料光整加工技术是一种非常重要的光整加工技术,与低频振动和超声振动相结合,可实现高精度、高质量和高效率的光整加工。介绍了磁性磨料光整加工、振动辅助磁性磨料光整加工及超声辅助磁性磨料光整加工技术的原理和特点及相关的国内外研究现状。根据难加工合金材料复杂曲面的特点,提出实现复杂曲面磁性磨料光整加工,需要就以下问题开展进一步研究和探索:通过提高加工间隙的磁通量密度及磁能与其他能量复合来提高光整加工效率;建立复杂曲面磁性磨粒光整加工过程控制函数;探讨在磁极工具的空间几何约束作用下复杂曲面磁性磨料光整加工工艺的规划方法等。     

采用双等离子体制备非晶态碳膜的研究

采用直流金属磁过滤阴极真空弧(FCVA)制造出Ti和乙炔(C2H2)气体的双等离子体在单晶硅(100)上制备非晶态碳膜.重点研究了乙炔气体和过滤线圈电流对非晶态碳膜的结构、形貌和机械性能的影响.研究结果表明,薄膜中主要成分是TiC,并以(111)作为主晶向;随着过滤线圈电流的增大,薄膜的晶粒度越来越小;薄膜表面的粗糙度逐渐减小,变得更加平整;薄膜的应力减小,可以下降到2.5 GPa.薄膜的显微硬度和弹性模量随着C2H2体积流qV(C2H2)的增大而降低,硬度和弹性模量分别可以达到33.9 GPa和237.6 GPa.非晶态碳膜的摩擦因数在0.1～0.25之间,大大低于衬底材料单晶硅片的摩擦因数0.6.随着过滤线圈电流增大,摩擦因数减小.