CeO_2纳米线阵列的制备

以阳极氧化铝膜(AAO)为模板通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了CeO2 纳米线阵列,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对CeO2 纳米线进行了表征.     

谈改善锅炉燃烧条件降低烟气中的氮氧化物

燃煤锅炉的主要污染物包括粉尘、硫氧化物、氮氧化物和二氧化碳。本文对太原第一热电厂通过改造锅炉喷燃器,改善燃烧条件以降低烟气中氮氧化物含量的过程进行介绍。主要从设备简介、改造原理、具体方案等方面作了说明。     

草酸盐法合成Li_aNi_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_2及电化学性能研究

采用草酸盐沉淀及高温固相反应相结合的方法合成了锂离子电池的活性正极材料Li_aNi_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_2.XRD、SEM及电化学测试数据表明:该材料结晶及层状结构良好,首次充放电比容量为175.4mAh/g和142.9mAh/g,循环30次后放电比容量仍为136.0mAh/g,比容量损失只有4.8%.     

玉米芯基活性炭吸附去除水中重金属的实验及机理研究

运用农作物废弃物玉米芯为原料,通过马弗炉在不同工艺条件下碳化制备玉米芯基活性炭,考察了其对锌、锰和铅三种重金属的吸附性能,并利用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜(SEM及EDS)等手段研究了其吸附重金属锌的机理,并对吸附后的吸附剂进行解吸实验.实验结果表明,合适工艺下生产的玉米芯基活性炭对水中锌离子有极高的吸附率,吸附动力学行为符合准二级动力学方程;对玉米芯基活性炭的解吸,酸解吸法比电场干预解吸法能取得更好的效果.初步判断玉米芯基活性炭可用于吸附重金属,是一种低成本吸附剂.     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

三螺杆挤出共混聚酰胺66/聚苯醚的工艺参数优化分析

基于具有高黏度比的聚酰胺66/聚苯醚共混体系，研究了倒三角排列的三螺杆挤出机（TTSE）的工艺参数对共混物混合效果的影响。通过Box-Behnken响应面设计并分析实验结果，发现螺杆转速、产量和分散相占比对共混效果均有一定影响，通过工艺优化能够获得良好的分散效果；通过对比相同工艺下三、双螺杆挤（TSE）出机的共混效果，证明了拉伸流场对于共混效果和材料性能有明显的改善。     

针型复合钨/氧化钨微型pH复合电极的研制及应用

利用自制的钨/氧化钨为p H指示电极,以Ag/Ag Cl电极为参比电极,组装于不锈钢针头内,制成针型钨/氧化钨微型p H复合传感器.该复合p H电极对H+的响应范围为p H=2.0~11.0,能斯特响应斜率为-53.83 m V/p H,响应时间小于1 min.该电极具有机械强度高、响应快、重现性好、制作简单等优点,并已应用于水果原位微区测量,具有较好的效果.     

Structural,morphological, and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method.The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction,which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm.The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm.The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature.The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The increase in the crystallite size,decreasing band gap,and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

猪皮胶原肽-锌螯合物的制备工艺研究

研究猪皮胶原肽-锌螯合物的制备工艺。以猪皮为原料，制备猪皮胶原肽-锌螯合物；以螯合率为指标，研究了猪皮胶原肽与锌质量比、pH、温度、时间对螯合率的影响；通过单因素试验、响应面法试验考察优化猪皮胶原肽的富锌工艺。结果显示，猪皮肽-锌螯合的最佳工艺为猪皮肽与锌质量比2:1，螯合pH 7.0，螯合温度50 ℃，螯合时间50 min，在此条件下，试验螯合率最佳，为69.27%，与模型预测值69.92%相近。该研究为新型生物肽 锌螯合物的研制、猪皮的高值化利用提供了依据。     

河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)对氧化石墨烯和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)联合胁迫的生理生化响应

为了探索碳纳米材料氧化石墨烯(GO)和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)在淡水底栖贝类体内的联合毒性效应, 以河蚬为研究对象, 考察 1 mg/L GO和500 ng/L PFOS单独及联合暴露28天后对河蚬体长、体重、滤食率、活性氧水平、抗氧化系统酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响, 并采用优化的综合生物标志物响应指数(EIBR)进行整体评估。结果表明, 暴露结束后, 河蚬的体长和体重没有明显的变化。与空白对照组和溶剂对照组相比, GO和PFOS的单独暴露组及联合暴露组的滤食率均显著下降。在河蚬的鳃和内脏团中, GO和PFOS的胁迫都会引起抗氧化系统酶活性响应的显著变化, 且两器官中变化趋势一致。EIBR结果表明, 鳃和内脏团中联合暴露组的毒性比 PFOS或GO单独暴露组的毒性更强。