高通量技术研制开发甲醇制丙烯催化剂

采用高通量催化剂评价技术,筛选开发了具有高活性高选择性的甲醇制丙烯反应（MTP催化剂．分别以商品和自制ZSM-5沸石为对象,详细研究了沸石硅铝比,晶粒大小对丙烯收率和选择性的影响,并对ZSM-5沸石进行了酸改性和孔道结构改性等优化处理,得到了性能优异的MTP催化剂．研究表明,复合改性后催化剂的甲醇转化率为100％,丙烯收率最高可以达到42％以上;在470℃,WHSV=2h,甲醇浓度为60％时,催化剂寿命超过700h．     

H2O2直接用于溶胶凝胶法制备氧化锌薄膜

通过将过氧化氢（H2O2）溶液直接加入传统Zn溶胶的方法制备了新溶胶,并在玻璃衬底上旋转涂敷制备ZnO薄膜.H2O2的加入提高了溶胶的稳定性,增加了溶胶的成膜性.采用紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）,差热分析法（DTA）来分析溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜的成膜原理;使用扫描电镜（SEM）,X射线衍射（XRD）,光致发光（PL）重点研究了ZnO薄膜形貌、结构与发光特性随H2O2加入量的变化规律.研究发现：H2O2的加入使得溶胶体系中生成了新的锌-过氧络合物,溶胶内部成分的改变对溶胶性质产生重要影响并将改变ZnO薄膜的成膜过程.     

氧化石墨烯/磷钼酸复合物的制备及其液晶性研究

由Hummer's方法制备的氧化石墨烯负载磷钼酸,制备了氧化石墨烯/磷钼酸复合物,其水溶液展现出较好的溶致液晶性.透射电镜分析表明,纯氧化石墨烯呈现出透明的褶皱薄纱状形貌,氧化石墨烯/磷钼酸复合物中磷钼酸微粒均匀分布在氧化石墨烯片层中.红外光谱说明氧化石墨烯和磷钼酸之间存在较强的相互作用.所得氧化石墨烯/磷钼酸复合物在偏振光下具有明显的溶致液晶性.相比相同条件下的纯氧化石墨烯,磷钼酸的引入没有破坏氧化石墨液晶体系的介晶结构,复合物表现出更明显的明暗交织的液晶织构,旨在将多酸嵌入氧化石墨液晶体系中并为多酸和氧化石墨烯的应用开拓一个新思路.     

高炉粉尘Fe和Zn非熔态分离工艺

开发一种高炉粉尘再资源化处理工艺,采用"非熔态还原--磁选分离--Zn的回收、富集"方法对典型高炉粉尘进行Fe、Zn非熔态分离研究.结果表明:在910～1 010℃,使用纯H2、CO为还原剂进行非熔态还原,同时实现粉尘中Fe2O3(s)→Fe(s)和ZnO(s)→Zn(g)的高度转变,金属化率达到90%以上,气化脱锌率达到99%以上,且还原过程未发生烧结.还原产物直接经磁选分离、富集得到TFe品位90%的富Fe物料;含锌挥发物经回收、富集得到ZnO含量92%的富Zn物料.成功地将高炉粉尘全部转化为MFe、ZnO等有价资源,实现了零排放,且分离过程不需高温熔融,过程能耗低,无环境污染.     

改性活性炭纤维负载锰铈复合氧化物低温选择性催化还原脱硝

采用Ce-MnOx/ACFN对烟气进行低温选择性催化还原脱硝实验,分别考察了活性炭纤维(ACF)改性、Ce-MnOx负载量和Ce/Mn摩尔比以及操作条件对脱硝效率的影响.在70～110℃条件下,Ce-MnOx/ACFN作为选择性催化还原脱硝的催化剂具有良好的活性,其脱硝效率随烟气温度升高而升高.催化剂载体活性炭纤维经硝酸改性后脱硝效率有明显提高.随着Ce-MnOx负载量增加和Ce/Mn摩尔比增加,脱硝效率先升高后降低.随着入口烟气NH3/NO摩尔比增加,脱硝效率先升高后趋于稳定.当入口烟气中水蒸气体积分数大于8%时,脱硝效率随其增加而降低.     

镁 － 镧复合氧化物固体碱催化甲醛、丁醛缩合制备 2，2 － 二羟甲基丁醛

以镁-镧复合氧化物为固体碱催化剂,首次用于甲醛、丁醛间的羟醛缩合反应．GC、GC—MS分析发现：2,2-二羟甲基丁醛为主产物,2-乙基丙烯醛为最主要的副产物．筛选Mg—Al复合氧化物、MgO和Mg．La复合氧化物3种固体碱,发现Mg-La复合氧化物具有最佳催化活性．当甲醛和丁醛摩尔比为2．5-1时,在50℃反应4h,丁醛转化率为75％、DMB选择性为37％、DMB得率为28％．催化剂可以循环使用4次,没有明显失活,有利于降低反应成本,减少环境污染．     

硅酸四(氯乙基)酯的合成及表征

以四氯化硅和环氧乙烷为原料,合成新型硅卤协同阻燃剂硅酸四(氯乙基)酯.探讨反应物质的量比、反应温度以及反应时间等对产品收率的影响,筛选出最适宜的工艺条件为:四氯化硅与环氧乙烷的物质的量比为1∶4.2,反应温度为25～50℃,反应时间为2h,产品收率为98%.并采用FTIR、1 H-NMR、极限氧指数等技术表征了硅酸四(氯乙基)酯的分子结构及相关性能.     

Determination of trace heavy metals in milk using an ionic liquid and bismuth oxide nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode

A novel carbon composite electrode modified with bismuth oxide nanoparticles and the ionic liquid n-octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate was fabricated and used to simultaneously determine cadmium and lead levels using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry.This electrode combines the unique advantages of nanomaterials and ionic liquid with the low cost and easy fabrication of the carbon composite electrode.Compared with the traditional binder based composite electrode,our electrode exhibited well-defined and separate stripping voltammetric peaks for cadmium and lead.Furthermore,the antifouling capacity of the bismuth film electrode was significantly improved by the ionic liquid.Under optimized conditions,the linear range of the composite electrode was from 3.0 to 30.0 μg L-1 for both metal ions with a detection limit of 0.15 μg L-1 for cadmium and 0.21 μg L-1 for lead.Trial milk sample analyses showed that the modified electrode was sensitive,reliable and effective for the determination of trace heavy metals,holding great promise for routine analysis applications.     

Preparation and cytocompatibility of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite fibrous membrane

A series of polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposite fibrous membranes,including neat PLA,PLA/hydroxyapatite (HA) and PLA/HA/graphene oxide (GO),were fabricated via electrospinning method.The morphology and composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively.The thermal stability was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).To estimate the cytocompatibility of asprepared PLA/HA/GO fibrous membrane,MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured,and the corresponding cell adhesion and differentiation capability were investigated by fluorescence microscopy,SEM and MTT test.The electrospun ternary PLA/HA/GO membrane exhibited three-dimensional fibrous structure with relatively rough surface morphology,which made itself ideal for cell attachment and proliferation in bone tissue regeneration.The fluorescence microscopy,SEM and MTT test confirmed that the PLA/HA/GO nanocomposite fibrous membrane created a proper environment for the seeding and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.     

Nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials

Graphene,a two-dimensional carbon atom sheet,has attracted tremendous attention and research interest because of its exceptional physical properties.Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency,in addition to flexibility,robustness and environmental stability.The main focus so far has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices.However,because the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability,we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics.In this review,we introduce recent advances in the nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials.The rise of graphene in nonlinear optics is shown by several recent results,ranging from saturable absorbers and the four-wave mixing effect to giant two-photon absorption,reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting.The relevant forms of the graphene-based materials include pure graphene,graphene oxide and graphene hybrids.