纳米ZnO的制备及其紫外吸收特性

以Zn（NO3）2·6H2O为主要原料,Na2CO3·10H2O为沉淀剂,采用溶液直接沉淀法制得ZnO前驱体。在不同条件下灼烧前驱体即可得到纳米ZnO粉末。用紫外一可见分光光度计、X射线衍射仪及透射电子显微镜分别对样品的紫外吸收特性、晶型、粒子形貌和尺寸等进行了表征。结果表明：所制得的纳米ZnO为六方晶系纤锌矿结构,呈球状或椭球状,在近紫外光区有一强的吸收,其对应的波长约为370nm在400℃下灼烧2h制得的纳米ZnO的紫外吸收性能最佳。     

纳米科技发展现状及趋势

纳米科学技术的出现标志着人类科学技术已进入了一个新的时代，本文从纳米科学技术研究发展的状况和发展方向两方面阐述了纳米科技发展的趋势。首先概述了什么是纳米科技，国内外纳米科学技术研究发展现状；然后论述纳米技术研究与开发的关键，纳米技术发展的某些动向以及纳米技术发展前景。     

稳定同位素标记结合Nano SIMS亚细胞成像技术分析化合物在微生物体内代谢活性研究

本研究选用前期从受污染土壤中筛选出来的多环芳烃高效降解菌BDG-3为研究对象,以~(13)C~-葡萄糖为底物对其进行培养,并利用Nano SIMS亚细胞成像技术对稳定同位素13 C标记的化合物在菌体内的代谢活性进行分析.将降解菌BDG-3养在含有13 C标记的葡萄糖培养基中,对选中的研究区域内质量数为12、13、16、26的信号进行收集,分别用于表征~(12)C~-、~(13)C~-、~(16)O~-和~(26)(~(12)C1~(14)N)~-离子的信号及分布特征.利用Image J软件处理并分析数据.单菌体切面内各元素的分布有一定规律,存在明显的峰值点.以选定的线域为ROI研究对象,~(13)C~-、~(16)O~-和~(26)(~(12)C~(14)N)~-离子变化趋势接近,在横坐标为10附近达到峰值,含量最高的是~(26)(~(12)C~(14)N)~-.以单一菌体为ROI研究对象,以13 C~-葡萄糖为底物生长出的BDG~-3内单菌体内部~(13)C含量平均值(54.38)远高于以~(12)C葡萄糖为底物的单菌内部~(13)C的信号(5.59).研究结果表明菌体可以吸收13 C~-葡萄糖,用于自身的生长,代谢活性良好.通过对该种方法学的探索,为进一步研究更为复杂的环境污染物质在微生物体内的降解代谢过程提供了一种新的可靠的分析手段.     

分散剂对基础油中纳米二硫化钼颗粒分散与润滑性能的影响研究

采用激光粒度分析仪和纳米摩擦试验机分别考察了6种分散剂对基础油中纳米二硫化钼(MoS_2)颗粒的分散稳定性和油品的减摩性能,并采用红外光谱(FTIR)分析了分散剂与MoS_2纳米颗粒的接枝作用机理.试验结果表明,氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(ATS)和山梨醇油酸酯(SPAN 80)分散剂因含有极性较强的官能团,与MoS_2接枝后能够形成牢固的化学键,不仅表现出突出的分散稳定效果,而且能大幅降低纳米MoS_2基础油的摩擦系数,而其他4种分散剂中的官能团极性较弱,与MoS_2纳米颗粒的化学键合作用较弱,容易在摩擦外力作用下破坏,导致油品的摩擦系数增加.     

Effect of spark plasma sintering and reinforcements on the formation of ultra-fine and nanograins in AA2024-TiB2-Y hybrid composites

This study reports the influence of sintering mechanism and reinforcement materials on the formation of ultra-fine and nanograins in Al-TiB₂-Y nanohybrid composites. The mechanical properties of the composites and their corresponding micro and nanostructures are correlated. The experimental and characterization results revealed that despite the addition of TiB₂, the hard and brittle Al₃Ti phase formation in the composites was suppressed and hence, their ductility was retained. It was found that yttrium content of 0.3 ?wt% was the optimum amount which created advantageous spark plasma sintering conditions, and the addition of 0.3 ?wt% promoted the formation of bi-modal size grains (ultra-fine and nano) along with micro grains, Ω and other nano precipitates, resulting in a significant enhancement in the composite properties. The formation of ultra-fine and nanograins may be attributed to the combined effect of melting and rapid solidification at necking zones due to Joule's heating and thermo-mechanical fatigue. Among all the sintered composites, the highest hardness (137 HV), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (496 ?MPa), yield strength (YS) (438 ?MPa) with 15.7% elongation were obtained in the sintered sample reinforced with 1.0 ?wt% TiB₂ and 0.3 ?wt% yttrium.     

纳滤膜法用于饮用水处理的研究

采用臭氧-活性炭-微滤-纳滤流程去除饮用水中污染物.研究表明:臭氧能够有效把水中的大分子物质分解为易于被活性炭吸附的小分子物质;活性炭能够有效去除水中的大部分有机物和铁、锰等部分无机物;微滤和纳滤能进一步去除水中的有机物和无机离子;纳滤膜的选择性截留,能够保留人体所必须的微量元素,更适于饮用.     

光催化毛细管反应器的研制及有机合成应用研究

采用简单的粉末－溶胶法,在普通点样毛细管中制备纳米TiO2薄膜,从而研制了具有较高光催化性能的微反应器．通过考察纳米TiO2浓度和纳米TiO2涂覆层数,确定了制备毛细管纳米TiO2涂层的最佳条件为：TiO2的浓度为3％,涂层数为4层,该条件下亚甲基蓝光降解率在60s内达到61．6％．在该微反应器中试验了苯甲醛与乙醇的光催化反应,其反应产物安息香乙醚的产率随着反应时间的增加而迅速升高．当反应时间为200s时,产率可达89．29％．     

一种新型多功能护士表的研制

为临床护理人员提供一种实用便捷的新型多功能护士表。根据临床护理人员对护士表结构和功能的实际需求,增加旋转表环和隐藏式砂轮的设计,以满足临床护理人员的全方位需求。在实际使用中,新型多功能护士表可随时方便地计算所消耗时间,且解决了砂轮易遗失的问题。说明新型多功能护士表结构简单、使用方便,既提高了临床护理人员的工作效率,又能满足实际工作中的使用需求。     

Laser synthesized nanoparticle alloys of metals with bulk miscibility gaps

The nanoscale alloying of metals with bulk miscibility gaps, Ag-Pt and Ag-Rh, has been investigated using pulsed laser ablation of solids in solution(PLASiS). The procedure was in two steps. In the first step, the suspensions of monometallic nanoparticles were prepared by ablation of a metal rod submerged in water. In the second step,the monometallic suspensions were mixed and alloying was induced by re-irradiation. For the Ag-Pt system, a surface plasmon resonance was observed in the monometallic silver suspension. The surface plasmon resonance vanished in re-irradiated Ag-Pt suspensions, indicating alloying. Selected Area Electron Diffraction(SAED)analysis showed that the nanoparticles had a fcc structure with a lattice constant intermediate between that of monometallic Ag and Pt nanoparticles. First principles theoretical investigations of the mixing energy of Ag-Pt clusters confirm that mixing is favored at around ～1 nm. The same procedure used for Ag-Pt was followed for Ag-Rh. In this system where the two metals present miscibility gaps even in the liquid phase, no evidence of alloying was observed. Correspondingly, theoretical investigations found that the mixing energy of Ag-Rh clusters did not favor alloying.     

SN5040对纳米碳酸钙粒子分散作用的实验研究

为研究纳米碳酸钙注浆技术,必须解决纳米材料在水性介质中的分散问题。本文分别从粒度分布、微观形貌、粘度指标研究了SN5040分散剂对粒径15-40nm的碳酸钙粉体在水溶液中的分散行为。重点研究了SN5040分散剂用量、超声作用时间对分散性影响及此分散剂作用下纳米浆液的流变特性。研究表明,通过合理控制影响纳米碳酸钙分散效果的因素,能够使得纳米材料在水中得到较好的分散;SN5040对纳米碳酸钙具有良好的分散性能,分散后的颗粒粒径90%以上处于255nm以下。