冬眠及外源维生素C对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖能量代谢的影响

观测了冬眠前饲料中添加外源维生素C(Vc)对冬眠中华鳖稚鳖能量代谢的影响.结果发现外源Vc不能提高冬眠期间中华鳖的存活率(P=0.57).稚鳖个体在冬眠期间生长能的平均值为-0.15 kJ.d-1,该值与代谢耗能相当.鳖体蛋白、脂肪、水分和灰分质量分数w在冬眠前后无显著差异(P>0.05),外源Vc对鳖的体组成没有明显影响(P>0.05).冬眠8周后,肝脏线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)和肝脏乳酸锐氢酶(LDH)的活性显著下降(P<0.05).饲料外源Vc对肝脏线粒体蛋白含量、肝脏线粒体COX和LDH的活性均无影响(P>0.05).     

高产木糖醇酵母菌的筛选鉴定及两级法发酵特性

从300多种土壤样品中进行筛选,最终得到10株可耐受300 g/L木糖的酵母菌株,且其木糖醇转化率超过64.0%.其中酵母菌株SB18在150 g/L木糖下的木糖醇转化率为68.5%,为相同条件下转化率最大的菌株,并经18SrDNA测序鉴定为热带假丝酵母.酶活测定结果显示SB18木糖还原酶主要依赖辅因子还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH),其酶活性远大于木糖醇脱氢酶活性.对SB18进行两级法发酵条件研究,确定补充氮源为尿素和酵母提取物,接种量为0.5 g/L,转速转换时间为36 h.在此条件下由250 g/L木糖摇瓶发酵252 h得到207.65 g/L木糖醇,转化率为83.1%,达到理论值的91.8%.本研究表明酵母菌SB18在高浓度木糖醇的工业生产中具有很大的应用潜力.     

Diversity in enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductases

The enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) is the last enzyme in the fatty acid elongation cycle. Unlike most enzymes in this essential pathway, ENR displays an unusual diversity among organisms. The growing interest in ENRs is mainly due to the fact that a variety of both synthetic and natural antibacterial compounds are shown to specifically target their activity. The primary anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid, and the broadly used antibacterial compound, triclosan, both target this enzyme. In this review, we discuss the diversity of ENRs, and their inhibitors in the light of current research progress. Received 3 November 2008; received after revision 5 December 2008; accepted 8 December 2008     

Zinc binding to peptide analogs of the structural zinc site in alcohol dehydrogenase: Implications for an entatic state

Zinc binding to the peptide replica and analogs to residues 93–115 of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined by competition of the peptides and the chromophoric chelator 4-(2- pyridylazo)resorcinol for zinc and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc ligands. In the enzyme, zinc is coordinated by four Cys residues. In the peptide replica, zinc is bound to three Cys and one His residue. A four-Cys zinc coordination is observed only when His is removed, leading to increased zinc stability. ADH crystal structures reveal that the ε-amino group of the conserved residue Lys323 is within H-bond distance of the backbone amide oxygens of residues 103, 105 and 108, likely stabilizing the zinc coordination in the enzyme. The peptide data thus indicate structural strain and increased energy in the zinc-binding site in the protein, characteristic of an entatic state, implying a functional nature for this zinc site. Received 3 July 2008; received after revision 11 August 2008; accepted 1 September 2008     

Ca2+ -CaM与乙烯调节草莓果实NAD激酶和NADP磷酸酶活性的关系

用外源乙烯单独以及乙烯分别与钙离子通道阻塞剂异博定(Verapamil,Vp)、钙调素拮抗剂氯丙嗪(Chloropromaize,CPZ)、三氟拉嗪(Trifluoperazine,TFP)处理乳白期草莓果实12 h,移去乙烯之后在空气中继续放置24h,测定果实乙烯释放率、NAD激酶活性及NADP磷酸酶活性的变化.结果表明,外源乙烯能诱导草莓果实乙烯大量合成,比对照(未经任何处理)提高420%和73%,抑制NAD激酶活性约20%和40%,对NADP磷酸酶影响不明显.Vp、CPZ和TFP均能逆转外源乙烯诱导的乙烯合成以及对NAD激酶活性的抑制作用,表明乙烯可能通过抑制草莓果实中NAD激酶活性从而促进和加快果实成熟衰老,Ca2 、CaM可能介导草莓果实的乙烯信号转导.     

五氯酚对好氧活性污泥中不同酶活性的影响

以五氯酚为研究对象,采用分光光度法测定其对城市污水处理厂好氧活性污泥中的脲酶、转化酶、脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着五氯酚暴露浓度的增大,脲酶活性总体呈上升趋势;转化酶活性先升高后降低,暴露时间为0.5 h,转化酶升高率达到最大值49.3%;暴露15 h后转化酶活性开始呈现降低态势,实验最大暴露时间25 h时降低率达到76.8%。脱氢酶活性则大多呈现降低趋势,在暴露0.5 h时其酶活性随五氯酚浓度变化呈明显负相关,酶活性降低率为52%,之后脱氢酶活性被抑制情况呈现平缓趋势。综合生理生化反应指标的敏感度和分析方法的精密度进行评价,五氯酚对转化酶影响幅度大且分析精密度高,而脱氢酶响应快,可作为急性毒性应激敏感指标。     

三元全酶系统的共固定化和辅酶再生

本文研究了用对-氨基苯砜乙基(ABSE)-交联琼脂糖做载体,通过戊二醛共价交联,对醇脱氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、辅酶Ⅰ进行了位置对位置的共固定化。按本实验方法得到的固定化三元全酶系统的辅酶再生能力为相应游离酶系统的5倍。本文还对该三元全酶系统的固定化机理和辅酶再生性能做了一定的讨论。     

离子交换层析法分离大鲵乳酸脱氢酶同工酶

采用DEAE—纤维素阴离子交换层析,以0.02M tris-HCl+0.06M NaClpH7.8和0.02M tris-HCl0.15M NaCl pH7.4缓冲液分部洗脱,可以分离大鲵乳酸氢酶同工酶LDH_1和LDH_5。     

甲醛对人红细胞的影响

生产、科研、生活中,有大量人群长期接触甲醛。甲醛可引起肝脏病变,致癌、致突变,已日益为人们所关注。本文采用人红细胞为材料,研究甲醛的毒害作用。人红细胞悬液,经0.1～1.0×10~(-6)mol/l甲醛处理后,通过生化分析,实验结果表明,在本实试条件下甲醛增强红细胞溶血作用,抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活力和引起可滴定巯基含量降低。同时使磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶活力提高和促进细胞内Ca~(3+)的泄漏。     

榆黄蘑对小鼠血乳酸,血尿素,乳酸脱氢酶影响的实验研究

以小鼠为实验材料，研究榆黄蘑发酵液对血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、血尿素（ＢＵＮ）的影响。结果表明，与对照组比较，服用榆黄蘑发酵液２５ｄ的小鼠剧烈运动停止后５０ｍｉｎ，血乳酸含量降低３２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；乳酸在血液中的清除速率提高１９．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血清ＬＤＨ活性提高１１．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＢＵＮ增量降低６５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。实验结果提示榆黄蘑有较好的抗疲劳作用。