酚醛型吸附树脂在非水体系中对苯胺衍生物吸附性能的研究

研究了酚醛型吸附树脂JDW-2在非水体系中对苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的静态吸附．由实验结果推论，在正己烷中树脂对苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的吸附是以氢键吸附机理为主进行的；JDW-2在正己烷中等温吸附苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir方程，相关系数在0．99以上，因此，酚醛型吸附树脂在正己烷中吸附苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺属单分子层吸附，平衡吸附数据也符合Freundlich方程，n都大于1，表明JDW-2在正己烷中对苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的吸附是优惠吸附；同时对非水体系中乙醇或乙酸乙酯的含量对树脂吸附苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N，N-二甲基苯胺的影响进行了研究．     

氧化法去除废淡盐水中苯胺的研究

采用次氯酸钠和过氧化氢为氧化剂氧化废淡盐水中的苯胺,考察了氧化剂加入量、pH、温度、时间等因素对苯胺氧化效果的影响.实验结果表明,次氯酸钠的氧化效果好于过氧化氢,在最佳工艺条件下,苯胺的去除率可达97.5%,处理后的废淡盐水可回收利用.     

Gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) to cruciferous weeds under mentor pollen inducement

The alien gene flow between genetically modified glyphosate-resistant rapeseed variety Q3 (Brassica napus L.) and four cruciferous weeds was studied under mentor pollen inducement. The results showed that when Thlaspi arvense L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic, Cardamine hirsute L. and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser were pollinated with mentor pollen, the mixed Q3 and the weed, pollen grains aggregated largely and germinated quickly, and the numbers of pollen tubes penetrating into the style and the ovary were greatly increased as compared with corresponding self-pollination groups. Twenty four to forty eight hours after pollination, several pollen tubes were observed to penetrate into the ovule via micropyle in each mentor combination. However, when the mentor progenies were analyzed by PCR, all of them showed negative for the Q3 herbicide-resistant gene. Collectively, these results indicated that crossing between T. arvense, C. bursa-pastoris, C. hirsuta, R. palustris (as female) and Q3 (as male) was highly incompatible and the herbicide-resistant gene could not flow from Q3 to these four weeds.     

丹宁酸掺杂聚苯胺膜修饰铂电极的电化学特性及应用

在酸性条件(HClO4溶液)下,比较了聚苯胺膜(PAn)和丹宁酸掺杂聚苯胺膜(PAn/TA)的聚合过程和聚合膜的电化学性质,以及不同厚度的丹宁酸掺杂聚苯胺膜修饰铂电极在中性溶液(PBS)中抑制Fe(CN)63-氧化的能力.发现在浓度为5.0mmol·L-1丹宁酸、0.1mol·L-1苯胺,1.0mol·L-1高氯酸的条件下,聚合32圈得到的聚合膜修饰电极对Fe(CN)63-和抗坏血酸(AA)在PBS缓冲溶液中的氧化抑制作用最好,而Ru(NH3)63 和多巴胺(DA)的氧化电流却几乎没有受到影响.     

煤质颗粒活性炭对染料废水中苯胺的吸附性能及机理

 研究煤质颗粒活性炭对苯胺的吸附性能及机理对染料废水中大量苯胺类污染物的去除具有重要的技术支撑作用。开展了炭投加量/化学需氧量（COD）、不同浓度、吸附时间及pH值的煤质颗粒活性炭对苯胺的吸附实验,绘制吸附等温线及吸附动力学曲线。结果表明在单因素条件下,随着炭投加量/COD增加,废水中苯胺污染物去除率逐渐上升,且当炭投加量/COD大于4.5时,去除率上升幅度较小,考虑运行经济成本,建议最优炭投加量/COD取4.5;苯胺初始浓度越大,单位吸附量增大,去除率降低;吸附时间越长,吸附量与去除率均上升;pH值在1~4时,去除率及吸附量逐渐上升,当pH值为5时苯胺去除效果最好,随着pH值继续上升,去除率及吸附量有下降趋势。Langmuir等温线方程拟合度高达0.99,苯胺在煤质颗粒活性炭表面发生单分子层吸附;Freundlich等温线方程特征常数小于0.5,为0.33,煤质颗粒活性炭对苯胺有较强吸附性;吸附过程符合准二级动力学特征,说明煤质颗粒活性炭对苯胺吸附作用力强,饱和煤质颗粒活性炭再生方式应采取热再生;根据Weber-Morris方程特征曲线,依次发生了表面吸附、粒子内扩散及内表面吸附3个阶段吸附过程,水中有机物去除速度在表面吸附阶段最快,说明煤质颗粒活性炭比表面积为吸附效果的主要影响因素,而微孔数量的影响较小。     

苯胺氧化羰基化催化体系研究

考察了催化剂Pd/C的制备、回收使用及助催剂的情况, 并比较了Pd/C反应前后的XPS谱. 通过实验, 还发现PdCl2 和PdO 同Pd/C相比有相同的催化活性. 最后, 建议了氧化羰基化的机理.     

An effective novel reaction system for the photo-degradation of aqueous organic pollutants

A novel reaction system consisted of a supported TiO₂ film electrode, a Ru−Ti oxide film electrode and air (oxygen) electrode is reported. The air (oxygen) electrode can provide H₂O₂ continuously for homogeneous photochemical oxidation reaction on the spot. In this reactor, degradation reaction of aniline occur from interface of TiO₂ film to all solution which is irradiated by ultraviolet ray. The degradation rate of aniline was characterized by measuring the change of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in solution under different conditions. It was found that the degradation rate of aniline in the novel system increased apparently as compared with single heterogeneous photocatalysis and homogeneous photochemistry system. It can be explained in terms of combining acts of heterogeneous photocatalysis and homogeneous photochemistry. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10791033) Biography: CAI Nai-cai (1946-), male, Associate professor, Research direction: electrochemical catalysis and photocatalysis.     

N -(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)苯胺氯乙酸盐合成、晶体结构及杀菌活性研究

由N -(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)苯胺和氯乙酸在无水乙醇介质中反应制得了新化合物N -(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)苯胺氯乙酸盐, 通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征. 用X 射线单晶衍射测定了晶体结构,晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群P42/n,晶胞参数为:a=1.9604(4) nm ,b =1.9604 (4) nm ,c=0.7542(3) nm,β=90°,V=2.8986(13) nm3,Dc=11324g•cm3 ,Z =8, F(000)=1232,μ=0.27nm-1.在N-(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)苯胺氯乙酸盐(C12H14N3+•C2H2ClO2-)晶体结构中,氯乙酸根阴离子和N-(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)苯胺基阳离子之间通过N-H和O形成的氢键连接在一起.在阳离子中,嘧啶环和苯环形成的二面角是7.59(4)°.初步生物活性测试结果表明,该化合物具有优异的杀菌活性.     

光度法-化学计量学方法同时测定苯胺类化合物

用紫外分光光度法对苯胺、联苯胺和α-萘胺进行直接测定,用化学计量学中的主成分分析法、偏最小二乘法和径向人工神经网络方法对数据进行处理.波长范围为200~310 nm,隔1 nm采集数据.方法操作简单,无需过多的分离即可消除常见干扰物的影响,3种苯胺类化合物的相对标准偏差分别为5.91%、6.82%和3.40%.     

白腐真菌处理二硝基重氮酚工业废水的研究

二硝基重氮酚(DDNP)是国内工业雷管应用最普遍的起爆药,白腐真菌生化法处理二硝基重氮酚废水的费用低廉,运行管理较方便。通过摇床处理1000 mL微电解后的二硝基重氮酚废水,取得了较好的结果。经白腐真菌处理后,出水CODcr为131 mg/L左右,硝基化合物<0.2mg/L,苯胺类化合物<0.1 mg/L,CODcr去除率在71%左右;总CODcr去除率在94%以上。出水CODcr达到国家二级综合排放标准,出水色度、硝基化合物和胺基化合物达到国家一级综合排放标准。