复合添加Al和TiO2对低碳镁碳砖基质物相组成及性能的影响

以电熔镁砂、超细鳞片石墨为主要原料,以热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,添加Al和TiO2制备低碳镁碳砖,研究复合引入Al粉和TiO2对低碳镁碳砖基质物相组成及性能的影响。结果表明,埋炭热处理后,添加剂与基质反应生成新相MgAl2O4和TiN或Ti(C,N),使低碳镁碳砖的抗氧化性能明显提高,材料的强度显著增加;此外,添加剂的复合引入有利于改善单独引入Al粉时镁碳砖埋炭处理后易水化的问题。     

CsxWO3/g-C3N4 异质结复合材料电化学分析检测对硝基酚

利用g-C3N4与CsxWO3形成异质结作为电极修饰材料,构建了g-C3N4/ CsxWO3电化学传感器,用于对硝基酚的灵敏高效的快速检测.通过差分脉冲伏安法对该修饰电极检测对硝基酚进行电化学研究.研究结果表明,该电化学分析方法对检测对硝基酚表现出较高的灵敏度,在0.2～50 μmol·L－1的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限约为0.067 μmol·L－1,具有较宽的线性范围和较低的检测限,良好的稳定性、重现性和抗干扰能力,可用于实际水样中对硝基酚的测定.     

可见光催化降解水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

合成了复合材料g-C₃N₄/Bi₄O₅I₂,并进行了表征分析,以其为催化剂,研究了可见光照射下,水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)光催化降解的影响因素:催化剂投加量、溶液初始浓度、pH及水中常见阴离子Cl^-、NO^-₃和SO^2-₄等,并通过对降解产物的分析,提出了可能的降解机理. 结果表明:g-C₃N₄/Bi₄O₅I₂的最佳投加量为0.6 g/L;在研究范围内初始浓度越高,降解率越低;当溶液为中性时,对水中DBP的光催化降解效果最好;Cl^-、NO^-₃和SO^2-₄都对光催化降解产生了一定的抑制作用. 通过对反应后降解产物的分析,推测DBP是在活性物质的攻击下,侧链先发生断裂,再继续降解为小分子物质. 研究结果对水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类的去除具有重要的实际意义和参考价值.     

“碳中和”背景下碳输入方式对森林土壤活性氮库及氮循环的影响

森林生态系统具有碳源和碳汇双重功能,调控森林中碳输入方式对于实现我国“碳中和”目标具有重要意义。作为森林土壤有机碳(SOC)的主要来源,不同碳(C)输入方式(如地上凋落物、地下植物根系等)对森林生态系统土壤氮(N)循环的影响一直是相关学者的研究重点。笔者综述了目前国内外不同C输入方式对土壤活性N库、土壤N矿化、硝化过程及氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放的影响研究现状,分析了森林土壤活性N库及N转化过程对不同C输入变化的响应,发现:① 地上C排除可以降低土壤有效态氮(主要包括$NH_{4}^{+}$-N和$NO_{3}^{-}$-N)的含量,但地下C排除却增加了土壤$NH_{4}^{+}$-N含量。C输入方式的改变对土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量影响具有不确定性,这可能与生态系统类型、树种组成、时间尺度等因素相关。此外,地下C排除对土壤可溶性氮(DON)含量的影响较地上C排除的大,地下根系可能是影响土壤DON含量的主要贡献者。② 地上C输入对土壤N矿化及硝化速率的影响在短期内较大,而长期影响较小。其主要是通过间接改变土壤微生物活性从而影响了土壤N矿化及硝化过程,地下C排除增加了土壤N矿化速率,且随着时间尺度的增加表现更加明显。③ 地上C输入通过改变硝化和反硝化微生物的可利用C源而间接影响了N₂O的排放,且受到树种影响显著,而地下C输入对N₂O的影响因根系质量等的差异而发生改变。综上可知,森林土壤活性N库及N循环过程对不同C输入具有不同的响应机制,且受生态系统类型、物种、时间等因素影响较大。目前关于两种乃至多物种不同C的输入对森林土壤N影响的研究较少,且定性研究较为普遍;对优化森林生态系统地上地下C输入动态模型和精准预算不足,尚未建立完整的碳减排生态补偿机制。今后的研究亟须定量了解不同森林生态系统不同的C输入及其两者或者多物种之间的交互影响对土壤N的影响机制,且需更多地考虑在时间尺度上的长期变化过程;需要提升核算与预测森林地上地下碳中和能力,加快森林碳中和技术研发,为提前实现“碳中和”战略目标提供科技支撑。     

关于N(2,2,0)代数的稳定化子

讨论了N(2,2,0)代数的稳定化子的性质,并利用稳定化子给出了N(2,2,0)代数的一个同余分解,证明了该同余是N(2,2,0)代数同余,进而研究了商代数的代数结构,并讨论了自然同态下一类逆象的代数结构和性质.     

N（2,2,0）代数的两类同余分解的继续研究

继续研究N（2,2,0）代数的两类同余分解,得到几个新的结论.     

聚乙二醇8000相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用聚乙二醇8000作相转移催化剂,在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N,N-二乙基苯胺,研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响,提出了常压催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件是:苯胺和溴乙烷的摩尔比为1:1.50,催化剂用量1.0 g,在35 mL 35×10-2(质量分数)的氢氧化钠溶液中,反应温度75℃,常压反应4 h,产品收率...     

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of mammal bone fossils from the Zhongba site in the Three Gorges Reservoir region of the Yangtze River,China

Based on AMS ¹⁴C dating data, carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses were conducted on mammal bone collagen of deer, cattle and pigs from the Zhongba site in the Three Gorges Reservoir region of the Yangtze River. These analyses were conducted to reconstruct palaeodiets of mammals, palaeoecology, palaeoenviroment and previous human activities in the study area. Results show that the collagen loss of bone did not change the in vivo isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, and most of the bone fossils were well preserved. The bone collagen of samples from deer had a mean δ¹³C of -23.1‰ and a mean δ¹⁵N of 4.7‰, suggesting that deer subsisted in a closed habitat and fed on branches and leaves. The bone collagen of cattle had a mean δ¹³C of –19.6‰ and a mean δ¹⁵N of 5.2‰, which indicates that cattle subsisted in an open habitat and fed on grasses and stems. The δ¹³C values show that both deer and cattle fed on C₃ plants and lived in the same ecosystem, but the t-test results show that deer δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values were both more negative than those of cattle, indicating that they inhabited different niches. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of cattle partially overlapped those of deer, suggesting some competition in diets between them. The t-tests show that the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of pigs were more positive than those of cattle and deer, which signifies that pigs occupied a higher trophic level compared to cattle and deer. The wide range of pig δ¹³C values demonstrates that pig trading had been taking place from early Neolithic Age to late Bronze Age. There were no significant differences in deer δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values among different archaeological periods, making it clear that climatic, ecological and environmental conditions were kept relatively stable from 2200 to 4200 a BP. This stability may have been responsible for the extensive and complete cultural layers at the Zhongba site. The minimum number of samples required to estimate the mean δ¹³C values of deer, pigs and cattle are 8, 73 and 16, respectively, and for mean δ¹⁵N values of deer, pigs and cattle, the minimum numbers are 4, 5 and 6, respectively.     

弯扭耦合颤振过程中的能量转换机理

采用激励-反馈机制建立了耦合颤振的能量分析方法并给出了颤振稳定的能量判据.结合平板的风洞试验研究了颤振临界风速下结构-气流系统内部的能量变化规律.分析结果表明,联合气动导数A1*H3*(A1*为竖向运动的速度对扭矩的贡献,H3*为扭转运动的位移对升力的贡献)建立了能量从竖向自由度向扭转自由度的传递途径,使气流能量在扭转...     

Influenza A （HIN1） transmission by road traffic between cities and towns

Influenza A (H1N1) was spread widely between cities and towns by road traffic and had a major impact on public health in China in 2009. Understanding regulation of its transmission is of great significance with urbanization ongoing and for mitigation of damage by the epidemic. We analyzed influenza A (H1N1) spatiotemporal transmission and risk factors along roads in Changsha, and combined diffusion velocity and floating population size to construct an epidemic diffusion model to simulate its transmission between cities and towns. The results showed that areas along the highways and road intersections had a higher incidence rate than other areas. Expressways and county roads played an important role in the rapid development stage and the epidemic peak, respectively, and intercity bus stations showed a high risk of disease transmission. The model simulates the intensity and center of disease outbreaks in cities and towns, and provides a more complete simulation of the disease spatiotemporal process than other models.