紫贻贝配子细胞表面糖基的定位研究

细胞表面糖蛋白中糖的特性对于细胞的相互识别起重要作用,配子细胞表面糖配基的差异恰恰体现不同物种间受精作用的特异性,本研究分别选用可以特异性结合半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖的FITC标记凝集素,对紫贻贝配子细胞中对应的糖进行研究。结果显示,4种糖在卵细胞边缘的标记特征不明显,仅半乳糖和葡萄糖在一些卵细胞边缘有区域性分布,但在细胞质区,这4种糖均有少量分布;半乳糖和岩藻糖在贻贝的精巢的精细胞和成熟精子区为较均匀的弱阳性标记,甘露糖仅在输精小管边缘有分布,葡萄糖的含量相对较多,但也只是在输精小管边缘以及成熟精子区有一定的标记。上述结果表明,紫贻贝配子细胞表面不同糖基的分布和含量存在一定的差异,造成配子间起到识别作用的糖蛋白组成和结构不同,决定了紫贻贝配子识别的特异性。     

毛竹竹秆直径与材积的垂直格局

将毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)竹秆等长分割成40段,分别测量各竹段底边周长、壁厚、节隔厚,研究毛竹竹秆直径与材积的垂直格局,并构建毛竹竹秆直径相对值、相对外围累计材积、相对实际累计材积和相对节隔累计材积与竹秆相对高度的回归模型、毛竹外围材积、实际材积和节隔材积与胸径的回归模型等共7个模型.结果表明:不同胸径的毛竹竹秆直径相对值、各相对累计材积随着相对高度的增加,变化规律表现出显著的一致性,反映了毛竹竹秆结构方面的共性.     

不同毛竹纯林枯落物养分含量和贮量的比较

运用定位研究法采集位于浙江富阳路西林区垦复与未垦复毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)纯林枯落物样品(2002~2003年),对其枯落物的量进行比较。结果表明:不论夏季或冬季,未垦复毛竹林枯落物烘干重量均显著高于垦复毛竹林,未垦复毛竹林冬季枯落物烘干重量是垦复毛竹林的1.65~5.74倍。不同毛竹林枯落物养分呈现相似的变化特征,即垦复毛竹林枯落物养分含量和贮量由高到低序列为:Ca、K、Mg、N、P,养分含量0.16~3.3 g/kg,养分贮量0.20~4.50 kg/hm2;未垦复毛竹林相应序列是Ca、K、N、Mg、P,养分含量0.20~5.10 g/kg,养分贮量0.70~29.10 kg/hm2。毛竹林垦复之后由于林地表层的枯落物数量大为减少,枯落物养分贮量也显著低于未垦复毛竹林,因而制约潜在肥力的稳定提高,进行土壤管理时应引起注意。     

毛竹竹秆秆柄形态与解剖学研究

目的 揭示毛竹竹秆秆柄形态学与解剖学特征。方法 利用形态统计学、滑走切片与石蜡切片技术对不同发育时期毛竹秆柄形态与解剖结构进行研究。结果 毛竹成熟笋秆柄长约3.22 cm, 基部、中部与上部直径分别约为1.2、1.4与1.9 cm,平均具有约14个芽鳞片。解剖学分析显示,毛竹秆柄为实心结构,从外到内依次分布有表皮、下皮、皮层、维管组织与基本组织。其中,下皮约7层细胞,皮层约25层细胞,秆柄横切面维管束分布数量约672个。毛竹竹秆秆柄维管束从形态上可分为6种类型,以仅具有单个后生导管的纤维帽闭合式维管束为主,其形态显著不同于毛竹竹秆与竹鞭节间典型的开放式维管束。同时薄壁细胞纵向排列不规则,且无明显的长、短细胞之分。纵切显示,秆柄木质化程度、维管束密度均为底部最高,中部次之,上部最低。对不同初生增粗生长期笋芽秆柄形态与解剖学观察发现,发育后期笋芽秆柄芽鳞片数、长度与直径均与成熟笋秆柄接近;同时发育前期笋芽秆柄已具有与成熟笋秆柄相同的芽鳞片数;但秆柄长度变化从小到大依次为发育前期笋芽<发育中期笋芽<发育后期笋芽。结论 毛竹竹秆秆柄解剖学结构显著不同于竹秆;秆柄基本结构在笋芽的发育前期已分化完成;发育前期至发育后期笋芽秆柄具有一个明显的伸长生长过程。     

紫贻贝营养成分的分析及重金属的检测

目的：分析紫贻贝（Mytlus edulis linnaeus）的主要营养成分和重金属的含量。方法：按照国标的方法对紫紫贝中的水分、脂肪酸、氨基酸、总糖、灰分、微量元素和重金属进行了检测。结果：紫贻贝中有较高含量的牛磺酸（36mg/kg）、锌及不饱和脂肪酸;紫贻贝中的重金属含量铅、汞、无机砷都符合国家保健食品的有关限度的规定,这些结果为进一步研制紫贻贝保健食品提供了科学依据。     

美味牛肝菌深层发酵的研究

采用摇瓶培养法对美味牛肝菌(BoletusedulisBull.exFr.)适宜的发酵培养基、发酵条件进行了研究.通过L9(34)正交实验确定了美味牛肝菌发酵的最适培养基为:葡萄糖20.0g,酵母浸出膏7.0g,KH2PO42.0g,MgSO4·7H2O1.0g,VB10.01mg;适宜的发酵条件为:培养基初始pH5.2～5.8、振荡速度180r/min、培养温度27℃、100mL三角瓶装液量60mL、发酵周期6d.     

An analysis of allozyme,mitochondrial DNA and morphological variation in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) populations from Greece

Three populations ofM. galloprovincialis from northern Greece were investigated using isozyme analysis, discriminant analysis of morphological characteristics and analysis of restriction fragments of mtDNA. For all three types of analysis significant intra- and interpopulation differentiation was found. This differentiation is very noticeable at the mtDNA genotype frequencies. Furthermore, the restriction patterns of mtDNA were different from those reported for Atlantic populations of this species.     

Ectosymbionts of the non‐indigenous Asian shore crab,Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Decapoda: Varunidae), in the western north Atlantic,and a search for its parasites

Over 560 Asian shore crabs, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, collected mainly in the spring of 2005 and 2006 from rocky intertidal locations in southern New Jersey, were examined for epibionts. Small numbers of the sympatric green crab, Carcinus maenas, and the Atlantic mud crab, Panopeus herbstii, were examined for epifauna to compare with H. sanguineus. Blue mussel spat, Mytilus edulis, and the encrusting, cheilostome bryozoan, Conopeum tenuissimum, were the dominant ectosymbionts of the shore crab, with prevalences of 22.2 and 32.1%, respectively; ranges of intensity were 1–146 spat/crab and 1–31 colonies/crab. Both species are incidental symbionts. Larger crabs had higher prevalences and intensities of C. tenuissimum colonies, and these colonies displayed a distinct pattern of attachment to the carapace which seemed to be related to crab morphology and habitat. Much less common was the encrusting, ctenostome bryozoan Alcyonidium albescens, a facultative symbiont species with a prevalence of 3.4%. Other epibionts were the encrusting, cheilostome Membranipora tenuis, the tubicolous polychaetes Hydroides dianthus, Sabellaria vulgaris, and Spirorbis sp., the barnacles Balanus improvisus and Semibalanus balanoides, and unidentified thecate hydroids, all incidental symbionts with prevalences from 0.2 to 3.2%. The total number of known ectosymbionts of H. sanguineus, including additional species found previously in the USA and the western Pacific, is 13. Carcinus maenas and P. herbstii share some of the same symbionts. Rhizocephalan externae were not observed in any of the crab species used in this study, nor were gill parasites or internal parasites found among 248 specimens of H. sanguineus.     

种植竹荪后毛竹林土壤微生物生物量和微生物熵的动态变化

【目的】竹林下种植竹荪会对林地微生物活动产生影响,明确种植竹荪对毛竹林地土壤微生物生物量、微生物熵及其化学计量不平衡性的影响,揭示竹荪种植后毛竹林地土壤质量的变化,为竹-菌复合生态系统的经营提供参考。【方法】以未种植竹荪(CK)和竹荪收获完成时立即取样(T0),以及收获后1 a(T1)、2 a(T2)的林地土壤为研究对象,测定并分析不同处理林地土壤微生物生物量、微生物熵变化规律及其与土壤-微生物化学计量不平衡性间的耦合关系。【结果】与未种植竹荪林地相比,竹荪种植后林地土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN),土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷(MBC、MBN、MBP)含量和土壤微生物熵碳、氮、磷(q_MBC、q_MBN、q_MBP)总体上均明显升高,而土壤全磷(TP)含量显著降低。随竹荪收获后间隔时间的延长,土壤MBC含量和q_MBC呈降低趋势;土壤MBN含量和q_MBN均呈先明显降低后略升高趋势,而土壤SOC含量呈先显著降低后显著升高趋势;土壤TN、TP、MBP含量及q_MBP均呈先升高后降低趋势,T1土壤TN、TP、MBP含量及q_MBP显著高于T0和T2。土壤-微生物碳氮化学计量不平衡性(记为C_imb/N_imb)、碳磷化学计量不平衡性(记为C_imb/P_imb)和氮磷化学计量不平衡性(记为N_imb/P_imb)均以竹荪收获当年(T0)处理较低。MBC与MBN呈显著正相关,MBC、MBN与C_imb/N_imb、C_imb/P_imb均呈负相关,MBP与C_imb/P_imb、N_imb/P_imb呈正相关。【结论】种植竹荪后林地土壤质量短期内较未种植林地土壤有明显提升,种植竹荪可以改善毛竹林地土壤质量;竹荪刚收获后毛竹林地土壤质量最优,随着竹荪收获后间隔年份的增加,林地土壤质量呈现劣变趋势,且较未种植竹荪林地土壤质量差。     

Effect of urochordamines on larval metamorphosis of ascidians

Two pteridine-containing bromophysostigmine alkaloids, urochordamine A and B, which were isolated from ascidians as larval metamorphosis promoters, were converted to more polar compounds, urochordamine A and B, respectively, when left standing in protic solvents. These four compounds promoted larval metamorphosis of the ascidianHalocynthia roretzi in the order A>A>B>B, and induced metamorphosis of the pediveliger larvae of the musselMytilus edulis galloprovincialis.