基于CMAR分类算法的实现

数据挖掘的目标是在海量数据集中寻找和分析某些内涵信息,其数据分析的方法对结果集有很大的影响. 通过改进决策树算法的数据结构,产生分类关联规则并进行规则剪枝,实现了决策树的CMAR(Accurate and Efficient Classification Based on Multiple Class-Association Rules)生成算法;实验表明CMAR算法具有快速和精确度高的优点,具有一定的应用前景.     

Peirce on the justification of abduction

What sort of justification can be claimed for abduction? In this paper we reconstruct Peirce’s answer to this question. We show that in his early works on the logic of science Peirce provided an abductive justification of abduction, and that in his mature writings the early solution is enriched by a reference to the place abduction has in a typical scientific inquiry. Since abduction is the first stage of inquiry by which a hypothesis is suggested and which then has to be subjected to inductive testing, the fundamental abduction (ur-abduction) that justifies abduction has also to be subjected to a verification by means of a fundamental induction (ur-induction), namely that the abduction that abduction is valid is verified by an appeal to the history of science.     

Challenges in band alignment between semiconducting materials:A case of rutile and anatase TiO_2

This topical review focuses on the recently active debate on the band alignment between two polymorphs of TiO_2,rutile and anatase.A summary is given to the popular methods for measurement and calculation of band alignment between materials.We point out,through examination of recently experimental and theoretical reports,that the outstanding discrepancy in the band alignment between two Ti02 phases is attributed to factors that influence band alignment rather than needs a definite answer of which band alignment is right.According to an important factor,the presence of an interface,a new classification of band alignment is proposed as the coupled and intrinsic band alignments.This classification indeed reveals that the rutile/anatase interface can qualitatively change the type of their band alignment.However,further systematic information of the interface and other factors that influence band alignment will be needed to better understand changes in energy bands of materials.The results obtained from discussion of the band alignment between rutile and anatase may also work for the band alignment between other semiconductors.     

Whewell on the classification of the sciences

Despite deserving a place amongst the historic milestones of the philosophy of disciplines, the system of the sciences put forward by Whewell has so far received little interest. Yet his ideas had a significant impact on the researches subsequently carried out on the topic, exerting in particular a decisive influence on Peirce and Spencer. The present paper aims to display the innovatory nature of the philosophical foundations of the Whewellian classification of the sciences. In this respect, we will argue that the most striking feature of his disciplinary system lies in a heuristic categorization of the sciences according to their “methods of discovery”. This represents a double departure from both the Aristotelian and the Baconian disciplinary paradigms, which are instead underpinned by ontological and epistemological criteria, respectively. Next, we will explore the pivotal role of Whewell's classification of the sciences for his overall project of a philosophy of scientific discovery.     

基于字符类别的识别反馈混排字符切分方法

字符切分是影响OCR系统识别的关键因素之一.对于中英文混排文档,提出了基于字符类别的识别反馈混排字符切分方法,利用字符特征分类判别出文档中的汉字类、英文、数字和标点符号类、部件类,对汉字类和部件类借助识别技术分别进行处理.该方法结构简单,客易实现,实验结果表明该方法切分效果好,字符类别判断准确.     

Understanding,explanation, and unification

In this article I argue that there are two different types of understanding: the understanding we get from explanations, and the understanding we get from unification. This claim is defended by first showing that explanation and unification are not as closely related as has sometimes been thought. A critical appraisal of recent proposals for understanding without explanation leads us to discuss the example of a purely classificatory biology: it turns out that such a science can give us understanding of the world through unification of the phenomena, even though it does not give us any explanations. The two types of understanding identified in this paper, while strictly separate, do have in common that both consist in seeing how the individual phenomena of the universe hang together. Explanations give us connections between the phenomena through the asymmetric, ‘vertical’ relation of determination; unifications give us connections through the symmetric, ‘horizontal’ relation of kinship. We then arrive at a general definition of understanding as knowledge of connections between the phenomena, and indicate that there might be more than two types of understanding.     

作物抗寒性鉴定指标的分类及其应用

通过对国内外研究结果的分析,总结出可用于作物抗寒性鉴定的各种指标。作物抗寒性鉴定指标包括了形态指标、生理指标、生化指标、理化指标和生态指标共五类,其中绝大部分指标可作为作物抗寒性鉴定指标,少数指标由于研究结果不一致或报道极少,其准确性尚难以确定,应用时应注意选用。     

二进前向网络的结构优化设计

ｎ维超立方体顶点的分类问题是人工神经网络研究中的重要问题之一。若对ｎ维超立方体的顶点进行正确分类，同时保证网络具有最好的稳健能力，则任两个不同类顶点连线的中点都应是分割这两顶点的超平面上的点。基于这样的思想，本文导出了使网络稳健能力最强的分类超平面的标准方程，给出了网络各层节点之间连接权值和阈值的可能值。其连接权值仅需取＋１、－１和０，阈值仅需取１２加上〔－ｎ，ｎ－１〕上的整数，从而可获得最优的网络结构、最少的隐节点数目、最大的稳健能力，这样结构的网络易于训练，并不易进入局部极小点。     

非线性模型参数有偏估计的一种改进

讨论了非线性模型Y=ax^b的对数线性化回归方程参数的普通最小二乘估计．指出估计无效的原因是对数线性模型的随机误差具有异方差性质．运用二步加权最小二乘法改进了参数的估计．并在模拟试验中证明了其优越性．     

一个共形不变量及其应用

提出了Ｊｏｒｄａｎ曲线的相对锐度的概念，证明了它是一个共形不变量，给出了它的一个应用