连轧钢管限动芯棒温度场及热疲劳有限元分析

针对340MPM机组(Multi-Stand Pipe Mill限动芯棒连轧管机组)芯棒服役过程建立三维有限元模型,研究芯棒在服役过程中温度场变化规律.同时,通过对热应力的研究,分析了芯棒热疲劳裂纹萌生机理及裂纹在芯棒内部的扩展规律.对比实测数据与模拟结果,认为所建立的有限元模型能够反映芯棒温度变化趋势.芯棒首次脱管后表面最高温度为630℃,此后经历三次反复的水冷降温和空冷返温过程,冷却结束后表面最高温度为98℃.脱管后,芯棒表面轴向和环向压缩热应力均达到900 MPa,第三次水冷结束时刻,轴向拉伸热应力达到186 MPa,环向拉伸热应力达到221 MPa.芯棒的拉压交变热应力使其表面出现热疲劳裂纹并逐渐扩展,环向裂纹扩展至距表面17.5mm深、轴向裂纹扩展至距表面20mm深时会显著受阻,热应力对轴向裂纹的促进作用强于环向裂纹.     

预张拉纤维布约束混凝土圆柱预应力损失试验

为了对混凝土墩柱有效施加环向预应力,研制了一种自锁式锚具用来环向张拉纤维布,从而对核心混凝土提供主动约束应力,提高混凝土墩柱的强度和延性.根据自锁式锚具的施工工艺,分析了引起预应力损失的主要原因,针对摩擦损失、碳纤维布应力松弛损失、混凝土收缩徐变损失等各种影响因素进行了试验研究和理论分析,得到了各项预应力损失的发展规律及其与相关影响因素的关系,提出了减少预应力损失的措施.     

中间图的邻点强可区别全染色

通过分类讨论、归纳探究,在图的点边集合与色集合间构造了一种一一对应关系来研究路和圈的中间图的邻点强可区别全染色,并得到了它们的邻点强可区别全染色数.     

钢、砌体及混凝土构成的组合梁跨中截面应力分析

在房屋建筑中时常会用到钢窗。试图在组合结构中让钢窗框参与受力,用以提高开洞组合墙边框对砌体的约束。本文着重研究钢过梁与其上的砌体及圈梁构成的钢-砌体-混凝土组合梁(GQH组合梁)的截面应力分布。通过应力分析得出厚钢板需要满足一定高度才能保证砌体不开裂等一些有利于后续研究的结论。     

基于热力耦合分析的预应力切削残余应力研究

对预应力切削的已加工表面残余应力状态进行热力耦合分析,通过对机械应力和热应力在工件表面分布的叠加,发现加工表面存在3种不同的残余应力类型,文中定性讨论了其产生条件,并进一步分析了刀具切削刃钝圆和预应力对工件表面残余应力状态的影响.最后采用不同钝圆半径的刀具和预应力对表面淬火硬化的40Cr合金钢进行硬态切削实验,并将实验结果与理论分析结果进行了对比.结果表明:切削刃钝圆影响残余应力的大小和分布;钝圆半径越大,残余压应力越大,应力层也越厚;预应力可以有效提高加工表面的残余压应力,而对其分布基本没有影响;实验结果和理论分析相吻合,说明文中理论分析是正确的.     

Effects of Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.) flower extracts on mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Mercury(II) is an important factor in hepatotoxicity that can enter the body through marine diets and amalgams.In the present study,the protective effect of the Eriobotrya japonica flower extract(EJFE) on HgCl 2-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated.Five mg/kg of mercuric chloride in drinking water was given to rats either with saline or EJFE(100 and 200 mg/kg as intraperitoneal(IP)) for 30 d.The mercury levels in different groups of liver tissues of the rats were measured with flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy(F-AAS).Also,mercury accumulation in the liver of the rats was modeled by using a parallel chemical kinetic model.The results showed that HgCl 2-induced oxidative damage led to a significant decrease in glutathione(GSH) and the total antioxidant capacity(TAC) levels,and to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level.Accumulated mercury was 14.47% more in the livers of the stress groups than in those of the control groups(P<0.001),whereas the amount of Hg was adjusted to 13.49% and 13.93% in groups treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of EJFE respectively,as compared with stress groups(P<0.001).HPLC analysis of EJFE revealed that hesperetin and gallic acid are the major antioxidants in EJFE.Results demonstrate that flowers of the Eriobotrya japonica cause a significant protection against HgCl 2 induced hepatotoxicity in all diagnostic parameters by strengthening the antioxidant defense mechanisms and they may have a therapeutic function in free radical mediated diseases.     

Changes in the power spectrum of electrical signals in maize leaf induced by osmotic stress

To quantify the characteristics of the power spectrum of plant electrical signals, we defined the following concepts:spectral edge frequency (SEF), spectral center frequency (SCF), power index (PI) and power spectral entropy (PSE). These parameters were used to examine and quantify changes in the power spectrum of electrical signals in maize leaves under osmotic stress. In the absence of osmotic stress, the SEF of the electrical signal in maize leaves was approx. 0.2 Hz and the SCF was approx. 0.1 Hz. The electrical signal in maize leaves was mainly a slow wave signal with a frequency of 0-0.1 Hz. After 2 h osmotic stress, the SEF and SCF of the electrical signal increased to higher frequencies. The proportion of the fast wave frequency also increased to 0.1-0.2 Hz, resulting in a dramatic increase in PSE. We also found that the changes in PSE and SCF were significantly correlated during osmotic stress. We propose that the changes in the PSE and SCF in maize leaves can be used as a sensitive signal indicating water deficit in leaf cells under osmotic stress. Thus, measurement of SCF or PSE of electrical signals in maize leaves could be used to develop early warning and rapid diagnosis techniques for the water demands of plants.     

基于光纤光栅传感技术的加筋边坡模型试验

以边坡模型试验为例,证明光纤光栅传感技术在克服电磁干扰、提高耐久性等方面的优越性.边坡模型在加载至36 kN时,坡面开始较明确的裂缝,在完成39 kN加载后,坡面出现更多裂缝,并且裂缝逐渐发展贯通,证明边坡已经发生破坏,坡面裂缝贯通,部分土体沿坡面滑落.最后,利用试验数据剖析了加筋边坡的工作机理,阐述了土工格栅对提高边坡稳定性的意义.     

水平向线荷载作用下土中应力

在MELAN积分的思想上,通过积分法详细完整推导了在水平向线荷载下、任意泊松比下的土中应力公式,通过比较发现,当线荷载作用在地基表面时,任意泊松比下的土中应力公式等同于泊松比为0.5时的应力表达式.同时,鉴于国内土力学教材中无此荷载下的应力泡图形,给出了应力泡的详细绘制方法,为工程中地基中的应力分布形式的判断提供方便.     

干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛愈伤组织生理特性研究

以铁皮石斛愈伤组织为材料,采用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理铁皮石斛愈伤组织,检测愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量及SOD、POD和APX活性的变化动态。结果表明,不同浓度PEG胁迫下,铁皮石斛愈伤组织可溶性蛋白均高于对照;各浓度PEG胁迫1d后,SOD活性均高于对照,当PEG浓度为30%时,胁迫2d、3d后却低于对照;POD活性随着PEG浓度的增强先上升后下降,在25%PEG胁迫下达到峰值;当PEG浓度为30%时,APX活性随着时间的延长而降低,当PEG浓度低于30%时,APX活性呈上升趋势。铁皮石斛愈伤组织可通过可溶性蛋白含量的增加和保护酶的变化来适应一定程度的干旱胁迫。