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871.
Thomas E. McKee 《Journal of forecasting》2003,22(8):569-586
Both international and US auditing standards require auditors to evaluate the risk of bankruptcy when planning an audit and to modify their audit report if the bankruptcy risk remains high at the conclusion of the audit. Bankruptcy prediction is a problematic issue for auditors as the development of a cause–effect relationship between attributes that may cause or be related to bankruptcy and the actual occurrence of bankruptcy is difficult. Recent research indicates that auditors only signal bankruptcy in about 50% of the cases where companies subsequently declare bankruptcy. Rough sets theory is a new approach for dealing with the problem of apparent indiscernibility between objects in a set that has had a reported bankruptcy prediction accuracy ranging from 76% to 88% in two recent studies. These accuracy levels appear to be superior to auditor signalling rates, however, the two prior rough sets studies made no direct comparisons to auditor signalling rates and either employed small sample sizes or non‐current data. This study advances research in this area by comparing rough set prediction capability with actual auditor signalling rates for a large sample of United States companies from the 1991 to 1997 time period. Prior bankruptcy prediction research was carefully reviewed to identify 11 possible predictive factors which had both significant theoretical support and were present in multiple studies. These factors were expressed as variables and data for 11 variables was then obtained for 146 bankrupt United States public companies during the years 1991–1997. This sample was then matched in terms of size and industry to 145 non‐bankrupt companies from the same time period. The overall sample of 291 companies was divided into development and validation subsamples. Rough sets theory was then used to develop two different bankruptcy prediction models, each containing four variables from the 11 possible predictive variables. The rough sets theory based models achieved 61% and 68% classification accuracy on the validation sample using a progressive classification procedure involving three classification strategies. By comparison, auditors directly signalled going concern problems via opinion modifications for only 54% of the bankrupt companies. However, the auditor signalling rate for bankrupt companies increased to 66% when other opinion modifications related to going concern issues were included. In contrast with prior rough sets theory research which suggested that rough sets theory offered significant bankruptcy predictive improvements for auditors, the rough sets models developed in this research did not provide any significant comparative advantage with regard to prediction accuracy over the actual auditors' methodologies. The current research results should be fairly robust since this rough sets theory based research employed (1) a comparison of the rough sets model results to actual auditor decisions for the same companies, (2) recent data, (3) a relatively large sample size, (4) real world bankruptcy/non‐bankruptcy frequencies to develop the variable classifications, and (5) a wide range of industries and company sizes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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心理学视角下的大学生学习倦怠探析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
学习倦怠是一种消极的萎靡不振的身心状态,是乏力、焦虑、厌倦、消沉、郁闷、悲观等的综合反映。专业困境,学习兴趣减退;学习依赖,导致自我效能感低;挫折过多,归因不当;个体人格因素等都是学习倦怠的根源。适当地调整抱负水平和学习动机的强度;满足自己合理的需要,踏上“自我实现”之路;恰当的归因风格;学会有效地应负压力等都是解决大学生学习倦怠的有效措施。 相似文献
876.
向坤茂 《邵阳高等专科学校学报》2008,(3):165-167
国内外教育专家研究发现拥有多样性学习风格的学习者才是成功的学习者。他们也提出了在课堂教学中实现激发学生学习风格多样性的设想。但在课堂教学中激发学生学习风格多样性的深层次研究不多见。文章主要介绍多媒体教学与学习风格多样性及增强学习者风格多样性的意识。 相似文献
877.
An Empirical Study on Tangible Augmented Reality Learning Space for Design Skill Transfer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tangible augmented reality (TAR) technology opens a novel realm which integrates the computer-generated elements into the real word. Its applications into design education have been explored with a limi-tation to this entire area. TAR offers an innovative learning space by merging digital learning materials into the format of media with tools or objects which are direct parts of the physical space. It is therefore conceived that such combination opens new perspectives in teaching and learning. This paper presented and evaluated one TAR system to improve the pedagogical effectiveness of experiential and collaborative learning process in urban design education. The results from the experiments were analyzed under a previously developed theoretical framework, which show that TAR can enhance the design activities in some collaborative work. 相似文献
878.
张军丽 《科技情报开发与经济》2008,18(6):77-78
介绍了个人数字图书馆的概念,指出构建个人数字图书馆是个性化学习的必然需要,分析了个人数字图书馆在个性化学习中的功用,阐述了基于个性化学习的个人数字图书馆的构建。 相似文献
879.
本文根据“认知一场”理论分别从学生心理机能、学习目标性和学习情境三个方面解释了如何改进计算机编程教学工作。 相似文献
880.
师范院校亟需加强信息技术课程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
喻东丽 《浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,27(1):102-105
信息技术教育的重要性正不断地提升,信息素养的培养日益迫切.师范院校亟需加强信息技术课程,以打破制约信息技术教育发展的"瓶颈",应对信息化社会的挑战.着重分析了师范院校开设信息技术课程的必要性. 相似文献