15℃时NH4Cl-CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O四元体系相平衡研究

采用等温法测定了15℃时NH4Cl - CO(NH2)2 - H2O2 H2O四元体系及其子体系CO(NH2)2 - H2O2 - H2O和NH4Cl CO(NH2)2 - H2O的相平衡数据.依据所绘相图分析得知,在四元体系中氯化铵、过氧化氢和尿素不能形成新的加合物.15℃时CO(NH2)2 - H2O2 - H2O三元体系中合成过氧化尿素的适宜条件范围较宽,而NH4Cl在NH4Cl - CO(NH2)2 - H2O2 - H2O四元体系中对过氧化尿素析出没有盐析效应.     

柠檬酸协助的Y2 O3 包覆LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2材料性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,以硝酸钇和柠檬酸为原料对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2进行包覆. 室温下,在2.8～4.3 V和1 C充放电条件下,以柠檬酸协助的Y2O3包覆LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料作为正极,锂片作为负极,制成的电池50次循环容量没有衰减,而未加柠檬酸的Y2O3包覆LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料50次循环容量保持率为96.72%,未经过包覆的材料只有91.03%.     

LiNi0.5Mn1.5-xTix O4 的电化学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LiNi0.5Mn1.5-xTixO4,研究了材料结构和电化学性能. 电化学测试表明,当掺钛量为0.3时,材料具有较好的循环性能,在0.1 C,0.5 C和1 C充放电时,容量分别为134 mAh/g,127 mAh/g和76 mAh/g. 循环伏安测试显示,4.2 V和4.85 V出现2个氧化峰,在4.56 V和3.88 V出现2个还原峰,证实此材料中Mn存在+3和+4混合价态.     

增塑剂行业的现状和发展

介绍了我国增塑剂行业的现状及发展趋势,指出了行业当前面临的主要问题和发展瓶颈,提出了相应的应对措施。     

添加剂条件下氯化钙制备纳米碳酸钙

基于化工生产中大量副产氯化钙,以氯化钙、氨水和二氧化碳为原料,在添加剂条件下对制备纳米碳酸钙进行了研究。实验研究了添加剂种类和用量、反应温度和二氧化碳流量等工艺条件对产物粒径的影响,采用XRD和TEM对产物进行了分析。实验结果表明:在添加剂条件下,以氯化钙、氨水和二氧化碳为原料可以制备纳米碳酸钙,反应条件温和能耗低;实验条件下制备的产物为方解石型近球状纳米碳酸钙。     

Treed Avalanche Forecasting: Mitigating Avalanche Danger Utilizing Bayesian Additive Regression Trees

Little Cottonwood Canyon Highway is a dead‐end, two‐lane road leading to Utah's Alta and Snowbird ski resorts. It is the only road access to these resorts and is heavily traveled during the ski season. Professional avalanche forecasters monitor this road throughout the ski season in order to make road closure decisions in the face of avalanche danger. Forecasters at the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) avalanche guard station at Alta have maintained an extensive daily winter database on explanatory variables relating to avalanche prediction. Whether or not an avalanche crosses the road is modeled in this paper via Bayesian additive tree methods. Utilizing daily winter data from 1995 to 2011, results show that using Bayesian tree analysis outperforms traditional statistical methods in terms of realized misclassification costs that take into consideration asymmetric losses arising from two types of error. Closing the road when an avalanche does not occur is an error harmful to resort owners, and not closing the road when one does may result in injury or death. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

素环上的一类非全局可导映射

设R是包含非平凡幂等元且有单位元的素环, Q={T∈R: T2=0}且δ: R→R是一个映射(无可加假设). 用代数分解方法证明了： 如果对任意的A,B∈R且［A,B］B∈Q, 有δ(AB)=δ(A)B+Aδ(B), 则δ是一个可加导子, 其中［A,B］=AB-BA为Lie积.     

The minimal rank correlation,subject to order restrictions,with application to the weighted linear choice model

The weighted linear choice model is one of the most popular models in the social sciences. In this model the utility of a choice object is represented as a weighted sum of attribute-level desirabilities, where the weights are attribute importances. In many empirical contexts the choice objects are such that individuals are highly correlated in terms of their desirability ordering of levels within attribute (e.g., price levels, durability levels, etc.) but may differ appreciably in terms of their evaluations of each attribute's importance.In this paper we address the problem of how dissimilar two individuals may be, in a rank correlation sense, given that they agree completely on the desirability ordering of levels within attributes, but may disagree considerably regarding the importance they attach to the attributes themselves. The problem has interesting implications regarding the potential value of clustering individuals' utility functions for market segmentation or other such purposes.The authors would like to thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their excellent comments on an earlier draft of the paper.     

南湖水体多相介质中重金属元素的分布特征

以南湖水体中的水、 沉积物、 生物膜和悬浮物为研究对象, 对重金属元素的分布与富集情况进行了研究. 结果表明, 不同采样点、 不同相中Zn的含量最高, Cd的含量最低, 但Cd的富集能力最强, 生物膜和悬浮物富集重金属的能力远大于沉积物的富集能力, 且Zn,Cu,Cd和Pb均表现出点源污染的特性; 采用社会科学统计程序（SPSS）相关分析方法分析了重金属元素（Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Fe和Mn）在固相介质中的相互关系, 结果显示, 沉积物、 生物膜和悬浮物中元素间的相关性趋势存在着一定差异, 3种固相介质中Cd与Fe的相关系数均大于Cd与Mn的相关系数, 而Pb与Fe的相关系数均小于Pb与Mn的相关系数, 说明铁氧化物对镉环境化学行为的贡献大于锰氧化物, 对铅环境化学行为的贡献小于锰氧化物.     

Nb2O5对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能和显微结构的影响

以Nb2O5为烧结助剂,通过无压烧结制备氧化铝陶瓷.研究了Nb2O5对氧化铝陶瓷的致密化和显微结构的影响.结果表明,少量的Nb2O5对氧化铝陶瓷的致密化具有明显的促进作用,当Nb2O5的添加量为1%时,可使氧化铝陶瓷在1 500℃获得致密.显微结构上,Nb2O5对氧化铝的晶粒生长也具有显著的促进作用.Nb2O5对致密化和晶粒生长的促进作用主要是通过它在氧化铝晶粒中的固溶来实现的.力学性能测试表明:加入Nb2O5后能够在不影响力学性能的前提下降低烧结温度.