Mn~(2+)对菹草活性氧代谢及其亚显微结构的影响

通过溶液培养试验,研究了不同Mn2+浓度(0、0.09、0.18、0.27、0.36 mmol/L)胁迫对菹草抗氧化系统、活性氧产生和亚显微结构的影响.结果表明:随着Mn2+浓度的增加,菹草叶片中的叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量都呈现先升后降的趋势;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐上升,而过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则呈先升后降趋势,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量呈先升后降趋势,同时超氧阴离子(O2·-)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈逐渐上升趋势;电镜观察发现,Mn2+对叶片细胞器的亚显微结构特别是叶绿体、线粒体和细胞核造成严重损伤.Mn2+破坏了菹草正常生理活动的结构基础和离子平衡,并造成抗氧化系统功能紊乱,这些都是Mn2+对菹草产生毒害的重要原因.     

Core-shell structure nanoprecipitates in Fe-xCu-3.0Mn-1.5Ni-1.5Al alloys: A phase field study

The core-shell structure precipitatates of Fe-xCu-3.0Mn-1.5Ni-1.5Al alloys under internal and external strain was investigated by using a multicomponent continuous phase field model based on Gibbs free energy of sub regular solution. Results show that the early cluster nuclei are not pure Cu, and Mn/Ni/Al also gather in the same position of Cu rich nuclei, resulting in four core-shell structures in precipitation. In the absence of external strain, the morphology of precipitates is mainly determined by interfacial energy, intrinsic elastic anisotropy and lattice distortion between new phase and parent phase. Intrinsic elastic strain energy can inhibit precipitation, while has no obvious effect on particle morphology. In coarsening, the elastic energy decreases due to the combination of particles. The loading direction and magnitude of the applied elastic strain field can control the morphology of precipitates. The external strain and the interaction between Mn, Ni and Al promote the joining and merging of adjacent core-shell particles. This work has guiding significance for the design of Fe-xCu-3.0Mn-1.5Ni-1.5Al alloys and other core-shell precipitates materials.     

Influence of parameters on the microstructure of a duplex stainless steel joint welded by a GMAW welding process

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are widely used in industry for their desirable properties. Any fusion welding technique modifies the microstructure and, consequently, the properties of the material. This paper presents a parametric study of the variables that determine the energy contribution (current, voltage and welding speed) and the structural modifications produced during gas metal arc welding. The analysis comprises metallographic study, phase balance, dimensioning of the weld beads and tensile and hardness tests. The influence of the variables studied on the thermal cycles obtained (temperatures reached and cooling rate) was determined by using a finite element model. The results showed that, in addition to the indicated parameters, the parameter power transfer per volume (W/m³) and the geometry in the bead must be controlled due to their influence on the heat flow distribution and phase balance.     

NaCl?CaCl2熔盐回收废旧锰酸锂电池中金属锰的电化学方法

750°C条件下NaCl?CaCl₂熔融盐中直接电解还原LiMn₂O₄回收金属锰为废旧锂离子电池的回收提供了新的思路。采用电化学手段研究LiMn₂O₄在涂覆电极表面的还原过程，结果显示，锰酸锂的还原过程是分步进行的，还原过程为Mn(IV) → Mn(III) → Mn(II) → Mn；在电脱氧12 h条件下，0.5?3 V的产物为CaMn₂O₄、MnO、(MnO)_x(CaO)_1?x、Mn，电解电压达到电压在2.6 V时单质锰出现，增加电压可促进锰的脱氧进程。电脱氧随着三相界面的推进由外向芯部逐渐进行，当电压较大时会加快还原反应的动力学过程，并产生两个阶段的三相界面。     

Hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristic of (Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.1Cr1-xMoxMn based alloys with C14 Laves phase

The microstructure and hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristic of (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_1-xMo_xMn (x ?= ?0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 ?at.%) alloys were investigated. The results showed that the corresponding alloys were determined as a single phase of C14-type Laves structure. With the increase of Mo content, the maximum and reversible hydrogen absorption capacity decreased, the slope factor H_f increased. Among the studied alloys, (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_0.95Mo_0.05Mn had the best overall properties for practical application of hydrogen storage materials. The maximum and reversible hydrogen storage capacity were 1.76 ?wt% and 1.09 ?wt%, the slope factor H_f was 0.51, and its dissociation enthalpy (ΔH_d) and entropy change (ΔS_d) were 23.1 ?kJ ?mol^?1H₂, 93.8J ?K^?1mol^?1H₂ at 303K, respectively. By studying the dissociation pressures of the synthesized metal hydrides, it was found that Mo had a special effect on the dissociation pressure of Ti–Zr–Cr–Mo–Mn alloys. Among the four alloys, (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_0.95Mo_0.05Mn alloy had the largest hydrogen absorption capacity and the fastest hydrogen desorption rate, which can meet the commercialization demand of hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system.     

Enhanced fatigue property by fabricating a gradient nanostructured surface layer in a reduced-activation steel

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels have been selected as candidate structural materials for future advanced nuclear power systems. In the present work, the influence of a gradient nanograined surface layer on the fatigue properties of RAFM steels was studied. A gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface layer with a thickness of ～85 ?μm was prepared on RAFM steel utilizing surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT). The mean grain size was approximate 43 ?nm at the topmost surface and increased gradually with depth. The results of the stress-controlled tension-compression fatigue experiments showed that the fatigue life enhanced approximately 6 times in the SMRT samples compared to the corresponding base metal counterparts. The relationship between the applied stress amplitude and the fatigue lifetime, and the fracture morphology showed that the surface strengthening and strain delocalization were caused by GNS, which suppressed surface crack initiation process, and hence the fatigue properties of RAFM steels improved. In addition, the deformation compatibility in GNS and coarse-grained boundaries leading to more dislocation interactions and accumulation during the cyclic process, also plays a crucial role in enhancing the fatigue properties of RAFM steel.     

高含CO2油田腐蚀环境下16Mn管线钢电化学腐蚀行为

油田开发生产中，高CO2环境会引起集输管线严重腐蚀。为了给高CO2环境腐蚀防护方案提供技术依据，通过动电位极化扫描和电化学阻抗测试研究了温度、溶解O2对16Mn管线钢在高含CO2腐蚀环境下电化学腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明：随着温度的升高，16Mn钢的腐蚀电位减小，腐蚀倾向性增强，但腐蚀电流密度大大减小，表现出较好的抗温耐蚀性能；同样温度下，16Mn钢在饱和O2环境中相比不含O2时极化曲线的腐蚀电流密度减小，交流阻抗谱的电荷传递电阻大大增加，且低温时更显著，表现出较好的低温抗氧耐蚀性能。