北亚热带次生栎林和人工松林土壤呼吸日变化

利用LI-8100土壤碳通量观测仪,测定并分析了北亚热带天然次生栎林和火炬松人工林的土壤呼吸日变化特征。结果发现:松林和栎林土壤呼吸具有明显的日变化特征,基本上呈单峰型分布,呼吸速率最强一般出现在下午,最弱一般出现在凌晨;松林土壤呼吸速率明显比栎林的高,从3月到6月,松林和栎林土壤呼吸速率显著增加,6月达到最高,之后又出现下降;栎林、松林土壤呼吸速率对温度变化比较敏感,地面温度与土壤呼吸速率的关系要好于距地表5 cm处土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率的关系,根据地面温度与土壤呼吸速率的关系,得到栎林的Q10值为2.08,松林的为1.41。     

胡杨异胚发育叶片碳平衡研究

胡杨成熟个体植株上的叶片可大概分为3种叶形,即阔卵圆形(BO)、过渡形(O)及披针形(L).叶片尺度的碳平衡取决于光合作用和呼吸作用,但机理尚不明.作者研究了胡杨异形叶的气体交换、形态学和生化特性.结果显示:① 胡杨3种叶形比叶面积(SLA)存在显著差异,阔卵圆形叶比叶面积SLA=(6.69±0.24)m2·kg-1显著低于其余两者(过渡形叶SLA=(7.36±0.09)m2·kg-1,披针形叶SLA=(8.09±0.16)m2·kg-1),叶片单位质量氮含量(Nmass)存在差异但不具显著差异;② 阔卵圆形叶单位面积碳同化速率(Aarea=(11.92±1.22)μmol·m-2·s-1)显著高于过渡形叶(Aarea=(10.21±1.43)μmol·m-2·s-1)和披针形叶(Aarea=(9.98±1.04)μmol·m-2·s-1),然而,单位质量(Amass)和单位氮碳同化速率(AN)在3种叶形中并不具显著差异,披针形叶的Amass=(80.37±7.07)μmol·kg-1·s-1(DW)和AN=(80.37±7.07)μmol·kg-1·s-1(DW)略高于其它2种叶形;③ 阔卵圆形叶单位面积及单位质量暗呼吸速率(Rn-area=(1.90±0.17)μmol·m-2·s-1和Rn-mass=(12.58±0.77)μmol·kg-1·s-1(DW))显著高于过渡形叶(Rn-area=(1.60±0.19)μmol·m-2·s-1和Rn-mass=(11.85±0.15)μmol·kg-1·s-1(DW))及披针形叶(Rn-area=(1.57±0.29)μmol·m-2·s-1和Rn-mass=(11.25±0.92)μmol·kg-1·s-1(DW)),另外,3种叶形叶片光下线粒体呼吸速率(RL)均大于暗呼吸速率,说明光对暗呼吸有抑制作用,且不同叶形抑制程度也不同,从披针叶形50.37%到阔卵圆形叶的80.67%;④ 不同叶形叶片水平碳平衡(Ag/R)差异不显著,但披针形叶的Ag/R=7.90±1.39高于其余2种叶形(阔卵圆形叶Ag/R=6.19±0.87,过渡形叶Ag/R=7.65±1.71).由此推测,阔卵圆形叶片可能具更强结构支持能力和更高呼吸速率,利于个体的生理维持,而披针形叶具更高的碳同化能力则用于支持生长.     

养鱼池“水呼吸”耗氧速率的研究

测定了同一水样在不同水温下、不同水样在相同水温下及不同水样在不同水温下的“水呼吸”耗氧速率．并在此基础上采用回归分析，研究了主养链鱼和鳙鱼的池塘的“水呼吸”耗氧速率与水温、化学耗氧量和透明度三者的相关性．结果表明：“水呼吸”耗氧速率与水温呈指数关系，与化学耗氧量呈直线关系，与透明度的关系受水色的影响．同时建立了多元非线性回归方程     

Rapid isolation of mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial DNA fromDrosophila serrata

A simple and rapid method for isolation of high quality mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is presented in this report. Using this method, isolation and restriction site maps for 10 enzymes of the mtDNA ofDrosophila serrata were established.     

Control of respiration by nitric oxide in Keilin-Hartree particles,mitochondria and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

The pattern of cytochrome c oxidase inhibition by nitric oxide (NO) was investigated polarographically using Keilin-Hartree particles, mitochondria and human neuroblastoma cells. NO reacts with purified cytochrome c oxidase forming either a nitrosyl- or a nitrite-inhibited derivative, displaying distinct kinetics and light sensitivity of respiration recovery in the absence of free NO. Keilin-Hartree particles or cells, respiring either on endogenous substrates alone or in the presence of ascorbate, as well as state 3and state 4mitochondria respiring on glutamate and malate, displayed the rapid recovery characteristic of the nitrite derivative. All systems, when respiring in the presence of tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, were characterised by the slower, light-sensitive recovery typical of the nitrosyl derivative. Together the results suggest that the reaction of NO with cytochrome c oxidase in situ follows two alternative inhibition pathways, depending on the electron flux through the respiratory chain.Received 1 April 2003; received after revision 22 May 2003; accepted 3 June 2003     

盐胁迫下星星草种子的抗氰呼吸

在不同浓度的碱性盐胁迫下测定了星星草种子萌发过程的正常呼吸和抗氧呼吸速率，结果表明盐胁迫诱导萌发星星草种子的抗氧呼吸途径，并且在0.4%-1.2%的盐浓度范围内，抗氧呼吸速率高正常呼吸速率。盐胁迫下萌发星星草种子的抗氧呼吸速率呈单峰曲线，峰值出现在0.6%盐浓度下。     

东魁杨梅热处理-冷藏研究

对东魁杨梅进行了4℃冷藏和60℃1.5h热处理后再于4℃下冷藏的对比试验.结果表明:冷藏能明显降低其呼吸强度,可由24℃下的190.5mgCO2/(kg·h)降到4℃下的75.2mgCO2/(kg·h),其中Q10为1.59,热处理-冷藏比冷藏更能有效地降低其呼吸作用和腐烂率,延迟霉变.但由于其呼吸强度的基值很大,贮藏期只有4～8d.     

刺激鸽脑引起呼吸和鸣叫反应的研究

在30只家鸽用电刺激的方法较系统地研究了鸽脑各部(延脑除外)与呼吸和呜叫的关系.实验发现刺激QF束引起显著的呼吸抑制和心率变慢:刺激Wulst,LPO相隔区可引起轻度呼吸抑制.刺激丘脑广大区域和中脑前部两侧也可引起程度不同的呼吸抑制作用.丘脑下部砚前区(A7.5-9.0.LRo.5-2.0,h4.5-7.0)和中脑内侧区域(A1.5-4.0,LR1.0-3.0,H4.0-7.0)为气促反应区.中脑鸣叫中枢集中住ICo核区,刺激该区主要引起简单的惊叫性反应,但在少数家鸽还引起了较复杂的叫声。     

Estimation of soil respiration in a paddy ecosystem in the subtropical resion of China

Water vapor, energy exchange, and CO2 flux were measured continuously from 2003 to 2005 using the eddy covariance technique in a paddy ecosystem in the subtropical region of China. The CO2 fluxes at nighttime during fallow periods （from middle October to late April） were used to analyze the dynamics of soil respiration and its relationship with soil temperature, and to simulate the annual dynamics of soil respiration in paddy ecosystems. The variation of soil respiration showed a clear seasonal pattern. The soil respiration rates at night during the fallow periods were 52--398 mg· m^-2· h^-1, and exponentially correlated （P〈0.001） with soil temperatures at different depths of soil （5, 10, and 20 cm）, particularly the temperature measured at a depth of 5 cm. Based on the simulated exponential equations developed, annual average soil respiration rates and total soil respiration of paddy soil in the subtropical region of China were estimated to be 178.5--259.9 mg· m^-2· h^-1 and 1.56--2.28 kg· m^-2· a^-1, respectively. The simulation equations can be applied to evaluating soil respiration in paddy ecosystems during the rice-growing season.