施其乐对泥鳅外周血红细胞核异常的诱导效应

采用施其乐对泥鳅进行染毒试验,用常规方法制备血涂片,以研究其不同浓度在不同时间范围内对泥鳅红细胞核异常的诱导效应。结果表明:施其乐能不同程度地引起泥鳅红细胞核异常率的升高,各浓度处理组泥鳅红细胞核异常率随着时间的延长而增加;整体来看,在各取样时间段内,红细胞核异常率随着浓度的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势。     

Vitellogenic responses of male Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) exposed to the individual or binary mixtures of 17β-estradiol and nonylphenol

Male Chinese loaches were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) both singly and in combination for 42 days using semi-static waterborne exposure system. Plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) was chosen as determining endpoint. The results demonstrated that 0.5 μg/L E2 could induce the enhancement of Vtg contents in male Chinese loaches after exposure for 21 days, which showed a time-related increasing manner; NP was also estrogenic to male Chinese loach, and the vitellogenic responses showed in a time-and dose-related manner, which was less potent than that of E2. The bi- nary mixtures of E2 and NP can significantly elicit the production of Vtg in male Chinese loaches, which was more potent than that of individual compounds, and Vtg induced in the binary mixture groups was higher than the summation of Vtg induced in the corresponding single-compound groups at the same concentration.     

Chorion surface ultrastructure of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus: adaptation to the environment and correlation with the reproductive strategy

The ultrastructure of the egg chorion surface in the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A single micropyle, which belonged to type II, was found at the animal pole of an M. anguillicaudatus egg. Several sinistral grooves which originated at the micropyle probably served for sperm guidance. The egg envelope had numerous pores with bud-like fillings and a regular arrangement like honeycomb. Lots of small knobs were situated on the zona radiata at the vegetal pole. Water contact triggered egg stickiness within about 10 seconds. The egg surface became smooth after treatment with trypsin solution. The features of the micropyle, pores and stickiness were correlated with the reproductive strategy of the loach and are important for egg identification.     

泥鳅规模化人工催产与孵化的研究

于2009年5月17日至6月5日,在浙江省湖州市进行了5次泥鳅人工繁殖试验。结果表明:累计催产种鳅314 kg,约21 980尾,获受精卵2 340万粒,得泥鳅水花苗1 850万尾。其催产率为68.3%～95.5%,平均值为84.2%;孵化率为56.8%～93.3%,平均值为81.21%。对种鳅筛选、抓捕器具、催产激素剂种配伍、产卵水流及水温等影响泥鳅人工繁殖因素进行了探索和试验,为泥鳅规模化繁殖提供参考。     

人工催产时泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)尾部神经分泌系统单胺荧光和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化

在人工催产过程中,我们用单胺荧光结合乙酰胆碱醋酶(AChE)组化方法对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)尾部神经分泌系统进行了研究。给泥鳅注射LRH-A(0.05微克/克)12小时后,尾部神经分泌系统中单胺荧光强度明显比催产前增强,但神经分泌细胞的AChE活性却明显降低;当注射LRH-A 24小时和48小时后,单胺荧光强度减弱,而AChE活性却明显增强。     

乌鳢蛋白消化酶活性的研究

研究了温度及不同蛋白源饲料（泥鳅Ｍｉｓｇｕｒｎｕｓａｎｇｕｉｌｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓ和黄豆饼）对乌鳢（Ｏｐｈｉｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓａｒｇｕｓ）蛋白消化酶活性的影响．结果表明：温度可显著影响蛋白酶活性;胃蛋白酶、肠道蛋白酶及肝胰脏蛋白酶的最适温度分别为３０℃、３０℃和２５℃;在最适温度及同等温度条件下,胃蛋白酶活性均比肠道蛋白酶及肝胰脏蛋白酶活性高．饲喂后９ｈ,黄豆饼组胃蛋白酶、肠道蛋白酶达最大活性,泥鳅组为１２ｈ．     

邵伯湖区泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅肌肉营养组成分析

对江苏邵伯湖区的野生泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）和大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus）肌肉中的常规营养成分、氨基酸含量和脂肪酸组成进行测定和比较分析,结果显示:两者肌肉中的水分含量无显著差异（P>0.05）,泥鳅肌肉中的粗蛋白质含量显著高于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）,而粗脂肪含量显著低于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）;泥鳅肌肉中的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量均显著高于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）;泥鳅肌肉中饱和脂肪酸比例显著低于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）,而不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、长链多饱和脂肪酸、n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸、n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸、反式脂肪酸的含量,以及∑n-6/∑n-3比值均显著高于大鳞副泥鳅（P<0.05）。对肌肉蛋白质和脂肪品质进行评价,发现泥鳅比大鳞副泥鳅具有更高的营养价值。     

人工诱导四倍体泥鳅的研究

目前泥鳅的养殖热潮正在兴起,对其新品种的需求也日益强烈.采用热休克抑制受精卵第一次卵裂、Ag-NOR计数鉴定四倍体胚胎的方法,探索了诱发四倍体泥鳅的最佳条件是:在受精后20 min左右采用41℃热水持续处理泥鳅受精卵4 min.人工诱导泥鳅四倍体将会为新品种的培育提供原始素材.本研究首次提出了依据间期细胞核中的Ag-NOR的最高数目作为确定胚胎倍性的标准,该方法简便快速.     

饥饿应激对泥鳅3种组织糖原,ACP和ALP的影响

研究了饥饿应激对泥鳅肝、肠和肌肉3种组织细胞糖原、酸性和碱性磷酸酶的细胞化学变化.对泥鳅进行饥饿处理,0~28 d不喂养食物,29~35 d恢复正常喂食.分别于0、7、14、21、28和35 d取材,利用显微石蜡切片、组织化学染色的方法检测其肝、肠和肌肉细胞糖原、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶细胞化学特征.结果表明:随着饥饿程度的加深,糖原的量减少,碱性磷酸酶活性下降,酸性磷酸酶活性则增强.投喂后,糖原量、酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性都有不同程度的恢复.整个过程中,上述变化存在组织差异性.泥鳅中糖原量、酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性均与长期饥饿条件下机体的应激反应有关.     

泥鳅的Ag-NORs带和C带研究

泥鳅的染色体组型为２ｎ＝５０＝８ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋３６ｔ;具有２对Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ分别位于ｓｍ３和ｔ３两对染色体的长臂端部;其深染Ｃ带区可以丰丝粒Ｃ带和臂端Ｃ带两类;前位于部分染色体的着丝部位,后与Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ相对应。没有发现与性别相关联的带型特征。