Extracellular matrix and neuronal movement

Summary During brain development, both neuronal migration and axon guidance are influenced by extracellular matrix molecules present in the environment of the migrating neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibers. Glial laminin is an extracellular matrix protein which these early brain cells preferentially attach to. Extracellular glycosaminoglycans are suggested to function in restricting neuronal cell bodies and axons from certain brain areas. Since laminin is deposited along the radial glial fibers and along the developing nerve pathways in punctate form, the punctate assemblies may be one of the key factors in routing the developing neurons in vivo. This review discusses the role of laminin in neuronal movement given the present concept of the extracellular matrix molecules and their proposed interactions.     

足球教学中的运动损伤原因与预防

足球运动的损伤是球类运动中较多的．除一般常见的擦伤和挫伤外，还有严重的损伤。因此，如何最大限度地预防和减少在教学训练、比赛过程中运动损伤的预防进行探讨，使运动损伤在足球运动的教学、训练和比赛中减少到最低程度．     

Effect of phospholipids on purified lipoamidase

Summary Phospholipids were added to purified lipoamidase from porcine brain microsomal membranes, and changes in lipoamidase activity were examined. Approximately twofold activation of lipoamidase activity occurred upon the addition of phosphatidylethanolamine. On the other hand, phosphosphatidylserine, cardiolipin, and phosphatidic acid reduced the enzyme activity by approximately 80%. This pattern of the activation of lipoamidase by phosphatidylethanolamine and its inhibition by phosphatidylserine is similar to the pattern for adenylate cyclase, and contrasts with the pattern for ATPase.     

猪脑组织中磷脂的综合提取研究

介绍了利用哺乳动物猪脑组织提取神经醇磷酸，卵磷脂和脑磷脂的工艺流程，并对某些关键环节进行了分析讨论，不仅为研究磷脂的生物学效应提供了原料，也为猪脑组织的综合利用开辟了一条可行的途径。     

运动损伤研究现状综述

通过文献资料查阅法,对运动损伤的流行病学特点、临床诊断研究及康复治疗研究等方面的发展及趋势进行了阐述,使人们对运动损伤有一个全新的认识。     

Deficiency of kallikrein-like enzyme activities in cerebral tissue of patients with alzheimer's disease

Summary We examined the changes in the intracerebral activities, at the time of postmortem autopsy, in patients with Alzheimer's disease. When compared with the control group, the activity of kallikrein-like enzyme was significantly decreased, while prolyl endopeptidase activity increased, in the patients group. Aprotinin inhibited 50% of the activity of the former enzyme at 2×10^–7M. Taken together with the results of a multivariate study, the above findings may indicate that intracerebral kallikrein deficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.     

Latent iron deficiency alters gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate metabolism in rat brain

Summary A diet containing 18–20 mg iron/kg to young weaned rats for 8 weeks altered the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in the central nervous system without affecting blood hemoglobin. Subsequent rehabilitation with 390 mg iron/kg diet for 2 weeks normalized these changes.     

睡眠剥夺影响大脑功能区状态的非线性评价

采用近似熵研究睡眠剥夺（sleep deprivation，SD）对脑认知功能的影响，评价SD引起的大脑功能区状态的非线性变化．12名受试者在正常睡眠和一夜SD之后分别接受视觉注意力测试，记录自发脑电和诱发脑电，采用二维插值构建19导脑电近似熵脑信息图（brain information map，BIM）．结果表明，在SD状态下，自发脑电的近似熵在全脑范围内有不同程度的下降，额叶处大脑偏侧性发生变化，复杂度的中心从左脑转移到右脑；前额叶处诱发脑电近似熵值降低，而顶叶和颞叶处则升高．脑电近似熵可以作为指标来评价SD对脑认知功能的负向影响，BIM的变化趋势与从生理学及影像学角度的分析相吻合，与线性方法的研究结论一致，在一定程度上可以反映大脑功能状态，提供一条评价脑功能区状态变化趋势的思路．     

面向高性能计算平台的脑科学仿真技术研究

近年来,脑科学研究成为了热点研究领域,欧盟"人脑计划"、美国"尖端创新神经技术脑研究计划"、日本脑计划的相继提出标志着脑科学研究进入了研究高峰期.高性能计算机经过数十年的发展,计算性能的提升日新月异,应用的范围越来越广.本文结合当下脑科学研究热点生物神经网络以及高性能计算平台TH-1A(天河一号)的计算优势,在TH-1A上部署了神经网络模拟软件NEST,对用NEST构建的神经网络进行了内存占用和可扩展性分析,测试了单计算节点最大仿真规模,发现了NEST软件自身的一些瓶颈,并提出了改进的想法,进而实现了对大规模生物神经网络面向高性能计算平台的仿真研究工作.     

重组人硫氧还蛋白对大鼠内毒素肺损伤保护作用

目的:探讨重组人硫氧还蛋白1(rh Trx-1)对新生SD大鼠急性内毒素肺损伤的保护作用.方法:制备、鉴定rh Trx-1;将新生SD大鼠分为对照组、脂多糖(LPS)实验组和LPS+rh Trx-1干预组.腹腔注射LPS(质量分数为5 mg/kg),制备急性内毒素肺损伤模型,干预组于LPS注射前30 min腹腔注射rh Trx-1(质量分数为10 mg/kg),观察注射后24 h各组新生SD大鼠的一般情况以及死亡率;重复实验,每组分别于实验后的2、8 h随机处死大鼠,提取肺组织用于病理切片观察.结果:(1)成功制备rh Trx-1;(2)LPS组大鼠表现出活动少,反应差,精神萎靡,毛发无光泽,口周发绀等全身炎症反应症状,濒死状态时表现为毛色青灰,呼吸浅表;LPS+h Trx-1干预组动物症状明显减轻;阴性对照组、LPS实验组和LPS+rh Trx-1干预组大鼠24 h死亡率分别为0%,67%、17%(2=14.400,P=0.001);(3)LPS组肺组织损伤严重,可见肺组织结构不完整,肺泡间隔明显增宽,肺泡腔内有红细胞、炎症细胞及浆液渗出,血管周围组织可见白细胞浸润,毛细血管有明显充血及扩张表现,随时间延长有加重趋势,LPS+rh Trx-1干预组病理改变较内毒素组明显减轻,肺泡结构尚正常,轻度肺水肿,肺泡间隔稍增宽,红细胞渗出明显减少,肺泡及肺间质中白细胞浸润减少.结论:重组人硫氧还蛋白1对急性内毒素肺损伤的新生大鼠具有保护作用.