硫酸盐溶液中混凝土抗冻融干湿循环性能

研究了冻融干湿循环交替作用下,不同强度等级、不同含气量的混凝土在水中和7%硫酸钠溶液中的耐久性能.采用40mm×40mm×160mm试件直立半浸入介质进行干湿循环试验.结果表明:在冻融干湿交替作用下,混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中表面剥落较水中严重;引气后混凝土的质量损失和相对动弹模下降均减小;混凝土的抗压强度在几次循环后下降,且在硫酸盐溶液中的损失大于水中;非引气混凝土的抗压强度损失大于引气混凝土;试件上半部的抗压强度损失明显大于下半部.适量的引气可以极大地改善混凝土的抗冻融干湿循环性.     

从完全基因组出发建立原核生物亲缘关系和分类系统时遇到的数学问题

我们课题组近10年所发展的组分矢量(CVTree)方法,已经成为从完全基因组出发而不使用序列联配来构建细菌亲缘关系的有效手段.在整个生物分类学日益后继乏人的背景下,组分矢量(CVTree)方法伴随着基因组时代的发展,成为人人可以方便使用的微生物分类的定义性工具.本综述不讨论CVTree的生物学结果,而着重从非线性科学的角度,介绍我们在研究过程中所提出和解决的数学问题.这将涉及组合学、图论、形式语言学等离散数学的篇章.我们特别希望,本文所列举的一些尚未解决的数学问题能引发新的研究工作,使CVTree方法的理论基础更为坚实.     

一类多分子饱和反应系统的极限环

研究生化反应中一类多分子饱和反应的数学模型ｄｘ／ｄｔ＝ｂ＋ｘｎｙ－ｖｘ／（ｘ＋ｋ）,ｄｙ／ｄｔ＝ａ－ｘｎｙ．｝（１）应用微分方程定性理论,完整地解决了系统（１）极限环的存在性、不存在性和唯一性等问题．     

CO2吞吐井套管腐蚀规律及极限吞吐轮次研究

部分老油田进入高含水开发后期，为提高采收率，在注水开发中陆续配套实施了二氧化碳吞吐工艺，使得采出液中二氧化碳含量升高，对井筒管柱造成严重腐蚀，引起管柱强度降低，腐蚀穿孔甚至管柱断裂事故时有发生。为此，基于电化学腐蚀的热、动力学原理和管柱力学相关理论，结合现场实际工况，考虑温度、压力、含水率、CO₂分压、流速、井斜角、pH值等因素的影响，采用腐蚀预测模型计算得到了二氧化碳吞吐井不同阶段的腐蚀速度。建立了腐蚀后剩余强度计算方法及极限吞吐轮次计算方法，开展了大量模拟计算，得到了在该吞吐井腐蚀条件下注气、焖井、放压和生产4个阶段的套管腐蚀规律、剩余壁厚及该井的极限吞吐轮次。     

Evaluating the OECD’s main economic indicators at anticipating recessions*

Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) techniques, we evaluate the predictive content of the monthly main economic indicators (MEI) of the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) for predicting both growth cycle and business cycle recessions at different horizons. From a sample that covers 123 indicators for 32 OECD countries as well as for Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation, and South Africa, our results suggest that the OECD's MEI show a high overall performance in providing early signals of economic downturns worldwide, albeit they perform a bit better at anticipating business cycles than growth cycles. Although the performance for OECD and non‐OECD members is similar in terms of timeliness, the indicators are more accurate at anticipating recessions for OECD members. Finally, we find that some single indicators, such as interest rates, spreads, and credit indicators, perform even better than the composite leading indicators.     

热障涂层热循环过程中的界面扩散系数

采用磁控溅射力方法在镍基单晶高温合金基体上沉积Ni-30Cr-12Al-0．3Y(质量分数，％)粘结层，采用电束物理气相沉积方法(EB-PVD)沉积7％Y2O3(质量分数，％ZrO2)陶瓷层．对粘结层与陶瓷层界面在1050℃循环100次时的元素扩散，提出了电子探针与最小二乘法相结合的研究方法．求出元素在界面的扩散系数．继续热循环，粘结层中Al贫化．Ni和Cr参与氧化，加速氧化反应，增加氧化膜内应力，使氧化膜破裂、陶瓷层剥落，最终导致热障涂层失效。     

动力锂电池荷电状态估算的改进方法

为了解决传统安时-开路电压法荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)初值SOC_0误差大,忽略了估算过程中温度等影响因素对估算精度的影响等问题,提出了改进的安时积分-开路电压法:根据不同温度、循环使用次数下的实验数据,拟合出SOC与开路电压(open circuit voltage,OCV)、温度、使用次数的函数关系,从而获取准确的SOC_0;结合实验分析温度、放电倍率、使用次数对于安时积分的影响,并对其进行修正和优化。实验表明,改进的安时-开路电压法可将估算精度提高至97%。     

Long‐Run and Cyclical Dynamics in the US Stock Market

This paper uses fractional integration to examine the long‐run dynamics and cyclical structure of US inflation, real risk‐free rate, real stock returns, equity premium and price/dividend ratio, annually from 1871 to 2000. It implements a procedure which allows consideration of unit roots with possibly fractional orders of integration both at zero (long‐run) and cyclical frequencies. When focusing exclusively on the former, the estimated order of integration varies considerably, and non‐stationarity is found only for the price/dividend ratio. When the cyclical component is also taken into account, the series appear to be stationary but to exhibit long memory with respect to both components in almost all cases. The exception is the price/dividend ratio, whose order of integration is higher than 0.5 but smaller than 1 for the long‐run frequency, and is between 0 and 0.5 for the cyclical component. Also, mean reversion occurs in all cases. Finally, six different criteria are applied to compare the forecasting performance of the fractional (at both zero and cyclical frequencies) models with others based on fractional and integer differentiation only at the zero frequency. The results, based on a 15‐year horizon, show that the former outperforms the others in a number of cases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

完全二叉树到星连通圈网络的嵌入

依据对二叉树嵌入的研究,主要讨论了完全二叉树到星连通圈网络的嵌入,得出该嵌入的膨胀数为1,并且给出了完全二叉树嵌入星连通圈网络的构造算法.     

扰动双等时中心二次系统的Poincare′分枝

本文讨论一类具有双等时中心的平面二次系统在高次扰动下通过Poincare’分枝可能出现的极限环个数,并给出了分枝方程的明显计算公式.