提高中跑运动成绩的内外两条途径

本文一方面运用文献资料和自身的体会论述了从内部提高体能发挥极限的途径；另一方面又从基于自身的观察和研究提出一种跑步时作功的计算方法，指出了从完善运动员的外部体形和运动形态的角度来提高运动成绩的途径。     

Membrane protein folding on the example of outer membrane protein A of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis>

The biophysical principles and mechanisms by which membrane proteins insert and fold into a biomembrane have mostly been studied with bacteriorhodopsin and outer membrane protein A (OmpA). This review describes the assembly process of the monomeric outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria, for which OmpA has served as an example. OmpA is a two-domain outer membrane protein composed of a 171-residue eight-stranded -barrel transmembrane domain and a 154-residue periplasmic domain. OmpA is translocated in an unstructured form across the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasm. In the periplasm, unfolded OmpA is kept in solution in complex with the molecular chaperone Skp. After binding of periplasmic lipopolysaccharide, OmpA insertion and folding occur spontaneously upon interaction of the complex with the phospholipid bilayer. Insertion and folding of the -barrel transmembrane domain into the lipid bilayer are highly synchronized, i.e. the formation of large amounts of -sheet secondary structure and -barrel tertiary structure take place in parallel with the same rate constants, while OmpA inserts into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. In vitro, OmpA can successfully fold into a range of model membranes of very different phospholipid compositions, i.e. into bilayers of lipids of different headgroup structures and hydrophobic chain lengths. Three membrane-bound folding intermediates of OmpA were discovered in folding studies with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Their formation was monitored by time-resolved distance determinations by fluorescence quenching, and they were structurally distinguished by the relative positions of the five tryptophan residues of OmpA in projection to the membrane normal. Recent studies indicate a chaperone-assisted, highly synchronized mechanism of secondary and tertiary structure formation upon membrane insertion of -barrel membrane proteins such as OmpA that involves at least three structurally distinct folding intermediates.     

最大互信息系数的并行计算方法研究

针对最大互信息系数（Maximal Information Coefficient,MIC）近似算法在大规模数据场景下的计算时间复杂度高,计算时间增长快的问题,提出一种最大互信息系数并行计算（The Parallel Computing Maximal Information Coefficient,PCMIC）方法。分别在Spark和Spark-消息传递接口（Message Passing Interface,MPI）计算框架中,在不同的数据规模和不同的噪声水平下,利用PCMIC算法对十四种典型的相关关系做并行计算。另外在不同节点数的情况下,选择两种具有代表性的相关关系来测试PCMIC算法在两种计算框架中的性能。实验结果表明：（1）PCMIC算法在两种框架下的运算效果与原始MIC近似算法相比,同样具有普适性和均匀性,而且具有良好的可扩展性。（2）随着数据规模和节点数的增加,PCMIC算法在两种框架中运算的时间增长明显比MIC近似算法慢,而且在Spark-MPI框架下的并行加速比和效率略优于Spark。（3）Spark能够支持MPI任务的调度,为研究不同并行计算框架之间的融合奠定了一定的理论和应用基础。     

压井套压和立压计算的统一模型

司钻法,工程师法和边循坏边加重法是现场常用的压井方法。本文根据流体力学基本原理,结合压井作业的工况,研究了压井过程中套压和立压的变化规律,得到了压井套压和手压计算的统一模型。它具有包容性,精确性和程序化的优点,不但便于现场使用,同时也为开发压井模拟器奠定了理论基础。     

计算机性能与异构计算

介绍了传统的高性能计算机的局限性和异构计算的基本原理;指出异构计算具有更高的计算资源利用率,计算任务的总体执行时间最短。     

Large-scale production of functional membrane proteins

The preparation of sufficient amounts of high-quality samples is still the major bottleneck for the characterization of membrane proteins by in vitro approaches. The hydrophobic nature, the requirement for complicated transport and modification pathways, and the often observed negative effects on membrane properties are intrinsic features of membrane proteins that frequently cause significant problems in overexpression studies. Establishing efficient protocols for the production of functionally folded membrane proteins is therefore a challenging task, and numerous specific characteristics have to be considered. In addition, a variety of expression systems have been developed, and choice of appropriate techniques could strongly depend on the desired target membrane proteins as well as on their intended applications. The production of membrane proteins is a highly dynamic field and new or modified approaches are frequently emerging. The review will give an overview of currently established processes for the production of functionally folded membrane proteins.     

DCT在DIS中的应用研究

首先简要介绍了ＤＩＳ和ＤＣＴ的各自特点，然后从计算模型，分布对象技术，分布时钟服务，ＣＳＣＷ四个方面讨论了ＤＣＴ在ＤＩＳ中应用遇到的问题。     

Membrane fusion: the process and its energy suppliers

Membrane fusion constitutes a pivotal process in eukaryotic cell physiology. Both specialized proteins and membrane lipids play key roles in fusion. Here, our current understanding of the mechanism of membrane fusion is reviewed. The focus is on the relatively simple and well-understood proteinaceous fusion machinery of enveloped viruses and the physical properties of lipids that appear to be of great relevance for fusion progression. Recent observations suggest that viral fusion proteins use packed conformational energy and bilayer-destabilizing domains to (i) bring participating membranes into intimate contact, (ii) merge proximal lipid monolayers through highly curved stalk/hemifusion intermediates, and (iii) generate a lipid-containing fusion pore, thereby terminating the fusion process. Received 4 January 2002; received after revision 3 April 2002; accepted 5 April 2002     

CORBA在企业信息系统中的应用

分布计算技术的快速发展使异构平台下信息系统的集成越来越成为现实,在这个充满着机遇的领域,OMG的CORBA、SUN公司的JAVA、微软的DCOM都是重要的参与者。介绍了一个基于CORBA和JAVA的原型,以期解决企业信息化发展中所遇到的一些问题,如由于内部信息系统异构性带来的“信息孤岛”问题等。     

水杨酸对盐害下玉米幼功质膜稳定性及K^＋／Na^＋比的影响

盐害会伤害玉米幼苗的多种生理活动。喷施一定浓度的水杨酸（SA）能降低盐害。具体表现为：降低盐害引起的电解质泄漏,降低丙二醛含量,提高叶片内SOD、POD的活性,并调节由于盐害引起的K^ /Na^ 比例失调。