混凝土湿喷台车臂架振动模态分析

以国内某公司喷浆台车SPTC25为研究对象,首先利用陀螺仪和加速度传感器在施工现场进行动力学测试,采集到关于臂架在实际施工时的角速度和加速度的时间历程曲线。然后通过数据处理和分析计算,得到臂架在仰俯工况下的振动频率和振幅,分别为1.18 Hz和0.092 m,回转工况下的振动频率和振幅分别为0.98 Hz和0.073 m。其次,对湿喷台车臂架建立了准确的有限元模型,并且进行了模态仿真分析,得到前三阶模态的固有频率和振型。结合隧道施工时的实际操作数据统计,最终得出结论,臂架在施工过程中长时间处于共振状态,使得振幅过大,这是臂架疲劳开裂的主要原因,也为后续湿喷台车臂架的研发和优化提供了新的分析思路。     

基于机器视觉的柔性机械臂振动位移测量

 针对传统的振动位移测量方法中,间接测量法误差较大、准确度较低,而直接测量法虽能达到精度,但成本较高、实用性较差的问题,提出一种基于机器视觉的振动位移测量方法。选取电机驱动运动的柔性机械臂作为测量对象,通过CCD相机采集机械臂末端标记点运动图像,再经过阈值分割、质心检测等视觉处理,得到机械臂振动位移信息。通过搭建实验平台对该方法进行实验验证,并与压电材料测量法及仿真法得到的振动位移进行对比,结果表明,基于机器视觉的振动位移测量方法能够在不接触工况下,对柔性机械臂进行准确、实时的振动位移测量,相比于压电材料测量法,避免了公式误差等影响,具有明显的优越性。     

综合传动装置悬置系统刚度灵敏度分析与振动能量解耦

基于综合传动装置悬置系统6自由度耦合振动模型,利用灵敏度分析方法,计算悬置系统各阶固有振动频率关于各悬置各方向刚度的灵敏度,确定影响某一方向振动的关键橡胶刚度,为改善系统某一方向的振动提供理论依据.以系统各方向振动解耦率作为目标函数,综合考虑传动轴激励、人体承受振动敏感区域及各向振动耦合状况来确定优化约束条件,进行刚度参数最优化,得到的悬置系统各方向最优刚度值可用于改善悬置系统隔振性能.针对某一传动系统振动恶化的情况,采用刚度灵敏度分析与振动能量解耦综合方法,对悬置系统进行设计.最后利用台架振动试验结果验证悬置系统优化设计的有效性.      

Nanoindentation response analysis of TiN-Cu coating deposited by magnetron sputtering

To investigate the change of the mechanical properties of soft metals doped PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)coatings after the migration of soft metal to the surface, TiN-Cu coating was deposited on Si(100) by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ were investigated. The results showed that the grains were clustered and the microstructure was porous for TiN-Cu coating at room temperature, while many micro-and nano-sized Cu particles were observed on the surface after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃. The elastic properties of the TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300℃ degraded compared with that at room temperature. The hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating kept constant(3.7 GPa and 125.0 GPa, respectively) with the increase of nano-indentation depth, while the hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ increased gradually.     

Effect of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.     

Effect of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength β titanium alloy thin sheets

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.     

张力弦-永磁动力吸振器理论及试验研究

为了实现转子系统振动抑制,设计了一种适用于旋转机械的张力弦-永磁刚度动力吸振器.利用张力弦结构的拉力-刚度可调特性,实现吸振器的频率可调;又引入永久磁铁构成的刚度机构,使得吸振器整体结构与转子系统相互分离.对转子-动力吸振器系统进行动力学建模和仿真分析,研究了吸振器的工作特性,又进行试验研究证明理论研究的正确性.研究结果表明,该吸振器可以达到转子系统振动抑制的效果,在永磁刚度机构磁铁间距小时吸振器效果好且更加稳定.     

高温合金轴向超声振动钻削减摩机理

针对高温合金钻削困难、钻削过程中摩擦力大等问题,采用超声振动技术加工.首先,分析了超声振动减摩机理,构建了平均摩擦力与振动参数之间的关系,并得出了平均摩擦力与振幅之间的变化趋势.建立轴向超声振动钻削系统,利用该系统对高温合金进行钻削加工.结果表明:振动振幅对孔壁表面质量的影响符合超声振动钻削的减摩特性.利用优化后的振幅超声振动钻削,与普通钻削相比,切屑形态更加规整,孔壁表面粗糙度值更小,表面质量更好.     

水下航行器附连水质量的理论及实验研究

以二维无限长圆柱在水下的垂向振动为例,对其有限区域的不可压缩流场进行分析;通过数值计算并借鉴刘易斯法,分析了水域宽度比、水深比和浸没深度比等无量纲参数对刚体附连水质量的影响;提出了水下航行器附连水质量的快速预测公式.结果表明:刚性壁面可使刚体的附连水质量增大,但当刚体与壁面的距离增加到一定程度(截面半径的5倍)时,刚性壁面的影响可以忽略;自由表面可使刚体的附连水质量减小,当刚体与自由表面的距离达到截面半径的6倍时,可以忽略自由表面的影响;当刚体的垂向运动频率较高或刚体与自由表面的距离较大时,可以认为自由表面的速度势为零.     

Characteristic investigation of trilayered Cu/Al8011/Al1060 composite: Interface morphology,microstructure, and in-situ tensile deformation

In this work, Cu/Al8011/Al1060 trilayered composite with an ultrathin copper layer was fabricated successfully by the hybrid process of cast-rolling and hot-roll-bonding. The effects of heat treatment were investigated on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the composite. The results showed that annealing temperatures above 300 ​°C led to the formation of new intermetallic compounds that joined their initial counterparts. Also, the interface growth was fast above 340 ​°C. It was found that the annealing temperature of 320 ​°C led to the optimal tensile properties of the composite. Through rolling, hard-brittle IMCs imposed intense plastic strains on the surrounding regions, resulting in further grain refinement of both metals in the vicinity of the interface. Although the kernel average misorientation of the trilayered composite was almost identical with the Cu/Al8011 bimetal, its amount was considerably decreased after heat treatment, as the distorted structure changed into a nearly strain-free one using the restoration phenomenon. The SEM-based in-situ tensile test showed that crack initiation occurred within the IMCs and propagated into the Cu strip, leading to its early fracture. However, the strength-displacement curve during in-situ tensile deformation did not decrease significantly due to the ultrathin copper layer.