推靠式旋转导向井眼轨迹预测与控制方法

旋转导向钻井系统是现代导向钻井技术的发展方向。通过导向机构调节导向参数来预测和控制井眼轨迹,是旋转导向钻井系统的关键技术之一。为解决推靠式旋转导向钻具的导向力和工具面角对井眼轨道的控制问题,对导向力分别在井斜平面和方位平面进行解耦;并应用了纵横弯曲理论建立了底部钻具组合三维力学分析模型,得出了导向参数与钻头侧向力和转角的定量关系。在考虑钻头和地层的各向异性因素的影响下,利用在UPC模型基础上提出的有效钻力的概念,通过计算钻头有效钻力来预测实钻过程中的钻进趋势。在此理论基础上,计算了按设计的井眼轨道钻进所需要的导向参数,并讨论了井眼轨迹参数、钻压、钻头各向异性参数和地层参数对钻具导向性能的影响;分析了其中的规律,并得出只有综合考虑上述各项因素,才能准确计算出导向参数,确保钻头沿设计轨迹钻进,也为旋转导向井眼轨迹控制提供了理论依据。     

Influence of different rolling processes on microstructure and strength of the Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195

The influence of different rolling processes on precipitation behaviour, crystallography texture, grain morphology, and their consequent effects on tensile properties for Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195 was investigated in the present work. The H-T8 samples (hot rolled ?+ ?T8) presented better tensile strength and ductility (with serious strength anisotropy) than the HC-T8 samples (hot rolled ?+ ?cold rolled ?+ ?T8), due to their different microstructures and textures. The higher dislocation density was found in the H-T8 samples, which promoted the nucleation of main strengthening phase T₁ in the matrix and suppressed the grain boundary precipitation, resulted in better strength and ductility. The increase of the dynamic recovery (DRV) during hot rolling enhanced the generation of Brass texture, and brought serious strength anisotropy. The cold rolling was performed after the hot-rolling process for the HC-T8 samples which increased deformation energy and resulted in full recrystallization of the deformed microstructure during the following solution treatment. The formation of recrystallized microstructure reduced the dislocation density and the heterogeneous precipitate nucleation positions which limited the strengthening phase precipitation in matrix and accelerated the precipitation along grain boundaries, resulted in fewer T₁ precipitates, coarse grain-boundary precipitates (GBPs), and wider precipitate-free zones (PFZs). The localized strain may be concentrated on the grain boundary to induce the dislocation pile-up, breaking of the GBPs, and intergranular fracture during stretching.     

红细胞低温保存中海藻糖的加载方法

在红细胞低温保存中,海藻糖被认为是能够替代甘油的生物相容性保护剂,而海藻糖难以进入红细胞内提供保护.归纳了使海藻糖加载至红细胞内的各种方法,包括孵育法、渗透休克法、脂质体法等,详细介绍了每种方法的原理、载入效果及优缺点.最后得出温和且不生成膜孔的加载方案具有一定的优越性,也可以尝试多种方法联用以提高加载效率和保护效果,...     

Centimeter-sized Ti-based bulk metallic glass with high specific strength

Based on the quaternary Ti₄₁Zr₂₅Be₂₉Al₅ glassy alloy with a critical diameter of 7 mm reported not long ago, an obvious enhancement of glass-forming ability (GFA) has been realized in this alloy by the addition of Cu element. A series of (Ti₄₁Zr₂₅Be₂₉Al₅)_100?xCu_x (x=0, 2, 5, 7, 9, 11 at%) glassy alloys have been developed and some of them can be cast into one-centimeter diameter fully glassy rods by copper mold suction casting. It has been found that Cu addition could stabilize the liquid phase and suppress the crystallization, resulting in improvement of the GFA of the alloy. The addition of Cu also increases the compressive strength of the alloy and the (Ti₄₁Zr₂₅Be₂₉Al₅)₉₁Cu₉ glassy alloy possesses a specific strength (defined as yield strength/density) of 4.13×10⁵ Nm/kg, which is much higher than most other reported centimeter-sized bulk metallic glasses. The present result suggests that the newly developed (Ti₄₁Zr₂₅Be₂₉Al₅)₉₁Cu₉ glassy alloy is a good candidate for structural applications because of its good glass-forming ability and mechanical properties.     

一种工程图检索方法在匹配优化问题中的应用

以二维工程图检索系统的设计与开发为背景,提出一种基于非精确图匹配的二维工程图检索方法.该方法首先将二维工程图转化为一种基于图元的属性化邻接图;然后计算目标模型与被检索模型的属性化邻接图之间顶点相容程度矩阵与边相容程度矩阵,并由此建立顶点匹配矩阵M的目标优化函数;最后运用Sinkhorn行列交替规范化方法求解匹配优化问题.在匹配过程中,充分利用属性邻接图的顶点与边属性信息动态裁剪搜索空间,实现快速匹配.实验结果表明,该方法能够检索到不同相似程度的二维工程图,并且检索效率也能满足实际要求.     

谐波齿轮传动的机械传动效率

本文以薄壁轴承双波凸轮式谐波齿轮减速器为例,在实验研究的基础上,提出了一种效率曲线计算方法,解决了不同载荷下效率计算问题。这种方法,物理概念清楚,具有一定的实用价值。     

机械运动参数微机测试系统研究

本文介绍一个机械运动参数微机测试系统。该系统主要以各种机器中广泛应用的曲柄滑块机构和凸轮机构为试验对象,成功地将微机技术和传感技术应用于机械运动参数的测试,为科学研究和教学活动提供了一套较为完备且实用的测试实验新技术和手段。     

特大传动比传动装置的设计分析

针对提升运输机、材料试验机、腐蚀机械断裂试验机、翻料机等机器有特大传动比的要求 ,对正交非双曲齿轮组成的闭式差动减速器的传动比、效率等问题进行了分析 ,采用轮系计算传动比的方法并得出了相应的传动比计算公式。通过理论及试验研究 ,确定了传动比、效率和变形速度 ,表明只要适当地选择齿数 ,闭式差动减速器装置是一种扩大传动比装置 ,可以满足机器特大传动比的要求