污水管道系统最大容许接纳能力计算

对于已建污水管道系统，选定最大容许充满度及实际用户的设计污水量，可以求出各管段的富余能力，再按标号法确定每一节点(管段)的最大容许新增污水接纳能力，明确系统排水能力的分配，选择新增污水排入系统的接入点，寻找薄弱管段，提供管道系统改造的方案。     

Deep-water Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum （EOGM） in South Atlantic

The most prominent cooling event of the Earth surface during Cenozoic in the long-term transition from a non-glaciated planet, or “green-house world”, to a polar, glaciated planet, or “ice-house world”, is the Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) above the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at about 33.7 Ma. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate content, and coarse fraction, along with high-resolution color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility records during 35-30 Ma, from deep-water Sites 1262 and 1265, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 208 in South Atlantic, reveal the global cooling event occurring in both surface and deep oceans. The results show that the earliest Oligocene δ^18O values during 33.5-33.1 Ma represent the magnitude of continental ice sheets on east Antarctica and indicate the large decrease in both surface and deep water temperatures of worldwideoceans. The δ^13C records show the large excursion during the period of EOGM event and indicate some types of shift in global carbon reservoir, probably demonstrating the sudden increase in organic carbon burial rates and the changes in the distribution and timing of production. At the same time, lithologic composition, carbonate content, color reflectance, and coarse fraction brought about significant changes close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, reflecting the abrupt deepening in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Changes in carbonate content were revealed from the color reflectance identify periodicities associated with eccentricity of the Earth‘s orbit (100 and 400 ka), further indicating orbitally forced global climate variations in the Early Oligocene.     

风景旅游区游客流空间移动模式的实证研究

采用移动比率矩阵阈值分析法、景区选择顺序评分法，揭示了崀山旅游区游客流的移动模式：以最奇特景区为汇点、组合最美景区为意境中的终点，旅客旅游中预去的景区数与途中距离成正比，进入的方向影响到首位景区的选择等规律，并分析其成因，在此基础上对崀山旅游线路的优化提出初步建议。     

黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

论西魏北周时期中央集权的形成——以六官人员迁转为考察中心

西魏建立后，宇文泰辅政，面对内忧外患，锐意改革六官制度，建立中央六官系统。通过对六官人员的调配，关陇集团与魏宗室的权力得以平衡，形成中央集权的雏形；经过对关陇集团内部六官人员的再调整，宇文护铲除异己，强化了宇文氏在北周政权中的主导性；关陇集团的汉族地主依附于宇文氏政权，进入中央六官系统，宇文氏家族内部开始了新一轮的权力争夺；武帝宇文邕铲除宇文护，集中央军政大权于一身，北周的中央集权最终形成。     

关于对数正态分布参数极大似然估计的讨论

利用图解法研究了由EM算法得出的有数据删失情况下对数正态分布参数的极大似然估计,得到了在Matlab中利用迭代算法计算参数估计值的方法.     

与支配集有关的上可嵌入图

结合图的支配集与其他相关条件,证明了如下结果:(1)设G是无环连通图,如果G中含有一个子图为轮W,且V(W)={x,y1,y2,,yt}(t≥3)为图G的一个支配集,则图G是上可嵌入的.(2)设G是无环连通图,如果G中含有一个子图为完全二部图D=(X,Y;E),且V(D)=X∪Y为图G的一个支配集(其中|X|≥3,|Y|≥4),则图G是上可嵌入的.     

Palaeoclimatic distribution models predict Pleistocene refuges for the Neotropical harvestman Geraeocormobius sylvarum (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)

This paper primarily aims to test a Pleistocene refuge-type scenario, as previously proposed for the gonyleptid Geraeocormobius sylvarum, a semi-deciduous forests dweller in subtropical Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Palaeodistributional models of this species were built using MaxEnt for two Last Glacial Maximum (LGM = 21,000 years ago) simulations – Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC) – and for 6000 years ago (?6k = HCO, the Holocene climatic optimum). Both LGM models retrieved a fragmented pattern. For CCSM, range was split into multiple, scattered fragments. MIROC resulted in very few patches, with a decided range reduction because of a strong humidity drop. Models for ?6k recovered a moderate range expansion. No past connection between the core area and the yungas was predicted. Analysis of variables importance showed that two precipitation predictors (bc18, precipitation warmest quarter; bc14, precipitation driest month) and two temperature predictors (bc7, temperature annual range; bc9, mean temperature driest quarter) scored as the most influencing overall. The Limiting Factor analysis recognized them as limiting too, in different parts of the species range. LGM palaeomodels of G. sylvarum are compatible with the refuge hypothesis invoked in previous molecular analyses, to explain the high genetic diversity found in the core area. Additionally, the results reinforced the hypothesis of the recent anthropogenic origin of the yungas disjunct populations.     

正态分布随机参数的一种估计方法

本文提出了一种最大似然估计方法,可对一般非线性模型中服从正态分布的随机参数的均值、协方差矩阵及其在各观测时刻的取值进行合理的估计。     

△(G)=4的平面连通图的存在性及其分布区域

本文证明了两个关于最大度为4的平面连通图的存在性定理,并确定了此图类的三种类型的分布区域。