变权缓冲算子及缓冲算子公理的补充

基于冲击扰动系统的相关概念,提出了变权缓冲算子的概念,分别构造了变权弱化缓冲算子和变权强化缓冲算子,定义了缓冲算子调节度来反映缓冲算子对原始序列的作用强度,并研究了缓冲算子调节度与可变权重之间的关系,在此基础上提出了缓冲算子的单调性不变公理.结果表明,可变权重在功能上类似于高阶作用算子,但在控制缓冲算子作用强度方面的灵活性要明显优于高阶缓冲算子.因此,变权缓冲算子有效地解决了在建模预测过程中常常出现的定量预测结果与定性分析结论不符的问题.     

基于环境ZSG-DEA的我国省区节能指标分配

能源消费总量控制作为我国节能减排方案从强度指标向总量指标转换的必经环节,国家发改委和相关部门给予了高度重视。如何实现能源消费总量既定下省区配额分配,是亟待解决的问题。零和博弈ZSG-DEA作为一种有效解决总量约束条件下综合效率最优的方法,结合环境DEA特点,将其应用到能源消费总量控制领域,具有现实意义。本文综合考虑了非期望产出弱可处置性条件与能源消费总量约束条件,构建了环境ZSG-DEA模型,并将其应用于"十二五"节能指标分配研究中,结果表明:经过ZSG-DEA分配后,各省区DEA效率值普遍位于前沿面上,达到整体效率的帕累托最优,并实现了严格规制成本的显著降低。     

语法分析中的LL预测分析器改进设计研究

编译方法中的LL(k )文法比LL(1)文法描述的语言范围宽得多 ,同时也具有直观易判定的特点。然而LL(k)分析器的构造要比LL(1)复杂得多 ,在实际的语法分析程序中未能得到广泛使用。改进后的LL(2 )分析方法大大简化了LL(2 )分析器的构造。该方法对于不满足LL(1)条件而满足LL(2 )条件的文法只是对一部分产生式采用向前看一符 ,从而提高了LL(2 )分析器的实用性     

Money, Time and Variety Engineering: The Application of Cybernetics to the Diagnosis and Design of Financial Performance Management Systems

Variety engineering was the term coined by Stafford Beer to describe the management of the system of constraints placed on an organisation. Successful variety engineering involves working with the demands of Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety; matching regulatory variety with that of the situation being regulated. Money is an important mechanism for variety engineering: the allocation of financial resources helps amplify variety; its withdrawal attenuates. This paper argues that budgeting, the conventional approach to the management of financial resources, demonstrably does not have requisite variety. This fact could be manifest in a range of undesirable patterns of behaviour. The practice of budgeting has not, however, been seriously challenged by systems theorists nor alternative mechanisms proposed. This paper sets to remedy this by describing how the cybernetic regulation of the flow of financial resources can be incorporated into the framework provided by Beer’s Viable Systems Model.     

环境规制政策与中国经济增长——基于一种可计算非线性动态投入产出模型

依据1995~2005年中国19个省市20部门投入产出表及统计年鉴相关数据构造出中国可计算非线性动态投入产出模型,并用此模型定量模拟研究了环境规制政策对行业产出及经济增长的影响。结果表明:治理污染投资的增加使得GDP下降,下降的幅度呈现出拟指数的快速上升趋势;机动车尾气排放控制对GDP的影响极其有限;能源价格适度提高不会对经济增长产生大的抑制作用。文章给出了我国稳妥和慎重的环境规制政策的取向。     

防范输配电市场中规制合谋的“I+P”机制

针对现有输配电市场中规制合谋研究多为经验性描述而缺乏理论工具分析的现实,本文基于组织合谋理论的P-S-A分析框架,构建了"政府/规制者/电网企业"三层次代理模型,考虑在激励机制中加入惩罚策略(简称"I+P"),分别进行输配电市场中防范规制合谋"I+FP"机制以及"I+VP"机制的设计,并进一步比较两种机制下不同类型企业输配电量和防范合谋效率,这对于当前电力体制改革下所进行的输配电改革是有意义的。     

基于地心坐标系的传感器极大似然配准算法

配准是多传感数据无误差坐标转换的必不可少的处理过程。现有的精确极大似然 (EML)配准算法[1]是基于立体几何投影法进行的 ,没有考虑地球地形的影响 ,因此当传感器之间相距很远时将失去实际意义。提出了一种基于地心坐标系 (ECEF)的传感器极大似然配准算法。这种方法考虑到了地球形状对配准的影响。最后给出的仿真结果说明这种配准算法初步解决了远距离的传感器配准。     

我国房地产市场管制中四人联盟与对抗的博弈分析

运用合作博弈和数值模拟方法讨论了中央政府、地方政府、国际投机商和国内房地产商在房地产市场形成单人联盟、双人联盟、三人联盟以及四人联盟情况下的局中人的最大支付。我们发现：从每个局中人联盟的总支付看，无论是支持管制还是反对管制，至少存在三方联盟优于四人联盟，四人联盟优于双人联盟，双人联盟优于单人联盟的情景；在反管制联盟中，中央政府和国际投机商联盟的支付小于地方政府和国内房地产商联盟的支付，因此，地方政府和国内房地产商更容易维持反管制联盟，中央政府和国际投机商更容易破坏反管制联盟。要进一步加强房地产市场的管制，必须提高自身调研和检查监督能力，建立管制联盟，瓦解反管制联盟。     

拉萨市藏汉家庭行为比较研究

本从家庭社会学的角度，对拉萨市藏汉家庭行为进行了比较，从化传统、民族性格、经济利益等角度分析了藏汉家庭行为差异产生的原因。     

Edge cases in animal research law: Constituting the regulatory borderlands of the UK's Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act

This paper explores how the boundaries of the UK's Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (A(SP)A) are constituted, as illustrative of the rising importance of legal procedures around animal research and how these are continuously being challenged and questioned. Drawing on empirical work in animal research communities, we consider how it is decided whether activities are undertaken for an “experimental or other scientific purpose”. We do this by focusing on “edge cases”, where debates occur about whether to include an activity within A(SP)A's remit. We demonstrate that the boundaries of animal research regulation in the UK are products of past and present decisions, dependencies, and social relationships. Boundaries are therefore not clear-cut and fixed, but rather flexible and changing borderlands. We particularly highlight the roles of: historical precedent; the management of risk, workload, and cost; institutional and professional identities; and research design in constituting A(SP)A's edges. In doing so, we demonstrate the importance of paying attention to how, in practice, animal law requires a careful balance between adhering to legal paragraphs and allowing for discretion. This in turn has real-world implications for what and how science is done, who does it, and how animals are used in its service.