Anti-muscarinic activity of a family of C11N5 compounds isolated fromAgelas sponges

In a search for potential target sites for C₁₁N₅ compounds obtained from marine sponges of the genusAgelas we evaluated their interaction with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from rat brain membranes. In competition experiments with³H-QNB these compounds displayed the following rank order of potency: sceptrin>oroidindibromosceptrinclathrodin. Sceptrin (50 M) was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of³H-QNB binding as revealed by Scatchard analysis. The results demonstrate the ability of these compounds to interact with multiple target molecules in the micromolar range.     

海洋牧场生态系统监测评估研究进展与展望

海洋牧场监测评估是海洋牧场建设的重要内容,贯穿于海洋牧场建立、管理、效益提升和安全保障等多个环节。近年来我国海洋牧场综合监测评估技术及应用取得一定进展,比如多功能环境资源监测平台、基于光学和声学的生物监测技术、生态系统模型评估等工作,极大提高了现代化海洋牧场的建设和管理的科学性和规范性。本文在总结当前海洋牧场生态系统监测评估方法及应用的基础上,提出仍存在的问题和建议,希望对海洋牧场监测评估领域的研究提供参考。     

基于复模态法的深水钻井隔水管反冲响应力学特性

考虑隔水管在正常钻井作业过程中由于轴向拉伸储存的弹性势能和反冲过程中钻井液下泄时产生的黏滞阻力的共同影响,通过将隔水管离散化为三自由度质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,建立隔水管紧急解脱后的反冲响应力学分析模型和控制方程;以浮式钻井设备的升沉运动作为边界条件,以隔水管解脱前的变形为初始条件,考虑控制方程中阻尼矩阵不能被对角化的影响,采用复模态分析法对控制方程进行求解;根据实例分析得到反冲过程中隔水管底部总成(low marine riser package,LMRP)振动位移的变化规律,并讨论水深、波高、顶部张紧器弹簧刚度及解脱相位角等因素对LMRP振动位移的影响,研究隔水管反冲响应的主控因素。结果表明:在同样的作业条件下,水深越大,隔水管紧急解脱的安全作业窗口越小;波高越大,隔水管的反冲响应越剧烈;顶部张紧器的刚度是决定隔水管反冲特性的一个重要因素,张紧器刚度越小,LMRP与防喷器发生碰撞的可能性越大;解脱相位角对隔水管的反冲特性影响不大。     

鱼类海盘虫属两新种(单殖亚纲,锚首虫科)

记述了分别寄生于日本骨鳂Ostichthys japonicus （Cuvier ＆ Valencienne）和银方头鱼Branchiostegus argentatus（Cuvier ＆Valenciennes）鳃上的海盘虫属两新种.五芒海盘虫,新种 Haliotrema pentaristulata sp.nov在中央大钩的形态上相似于红鰃海盘虫Haliotrema holocentri Young,1968,石斑海盘虫 H.epinepheli Young,1968和驼背鲈海盘虫H.cromileptis Young,1968,背联结片相似于H.cromileptis,腹联结片相似于H. holocentri,交接管的形状与量度与已知者也不同;唐氏海盘虫,新种 H.tangi sp.nov与鯒海盘虫H.platycephali Yin ＆ Sproston,1948和马卡萨海盘虫H.macassarensis（Yam.,1963）Bychowsky ＆ Nagibina,1971在中央大钩的形态上相似,但新种的联结片、交接器和阴道结构与已知种不同.     

海域天然气水合物监测井技术进展与挑战

海域天然气水合物是一种极具潜力的可替代清洁能源,但开采难度大、容易导致地质灾害,因此在开发过程中对水合物储层的监测不仅能为开发方案的动态优化提供基础数据支持,而且对于评价开发过程对环境的影响尤为重要。监测井可以对水合物储层进行原位监测,是一项关键技术,但应用于海域水合物时目前可以采用的地球物理监测仪器非常有限。结合中国神狐海域水合物储层为开发难度高的低渗透率黏土质粉砂的现实,需要研发更低功耗、更高精度的长期原位温度压力监测仪器,同时需要积极开发新的监测技术,例如可以尝试在监测井中加入示踪剂指示来自监测井的流体运移,构成生产井之外水合物分解的直接证据,从而提供水合物分解范围的科学依据。     

航海雷达与ARPA模拟器教学的研究与实践

航海教育具有国际性,航海技术学科是应用性、实践性很强的学科,其实践教学是非常重要的环节.针对国际海事组织的STCW78/95公约提出的航海类专业人才的培养必须注重适任性（即在传授知识的基础上着重能力的培养）,进行航海雷达与自动雷达标绘仪模拟器实践教学的研究,丰富了航海技术实践教学体系,大大提高课程教学效果.其成果充分表明航海模拟器训练是一种很好的航海实践教学手段。     

Concentration profile of jet gas in the feed injection zone of a FCC riser

The concentration profiles of jet gas are investigated in the feed injection zone of a cold-model FCC riser by using a hydrogen trace technique. Experimental results demonstrate that four types of jet gas concentration profiles can be used to describe the mixing between the jet gas and pre-lift gas in the feed injection zone. The four types are a distinct M-shaped profile for weak mixing, an indistinct Mshaped profile for medium mixing, a sharp profile for strong mixing, and a parabolic profile for full mixing. The heights for regions of initial and full mixing reduce when decreasing the jet gas velocity or increasing the pre-lift gas velocity. Furthermore, the momentum ratio, Mj/Mr, （where Mj is the momentum of jet gas, Mr is the mixture momentum of pre-lift gas and solid particles） is introduced to describe the effects of gas-solid physical properties, operating conditions, and equipment configuration on the jet gas concentration distribution. The heights for regions of initial and full mixing between jet gas and pre-lift gas are found to be 0-0.375 and 0.375 0.675 m when Mj/Mr 〈 0.29.0.375 0.675 and 1.075 1.375 m when Mj/Mr 〉 0.54, and 0-0.375 and 0.675 1.075 m when MJMr between 0.29 and 0.54, respectively.     

An overview of marine & utility system for offshore platform

Main marine & utility (M & U) systems are essential to the routine operation of offshore units,and are extremely important as they are the system that will ensure the basic safety of offshore platforms. This paper gave a general explanation and guideline of the marine & utility systems in offshore projects including their interface with topside,M & U engineering,equipment sizing operation and control.