Ciliated protozoa from a volcanic crater-lake in Victoria,Australia

We have investigated the ciliated protozoa living in the crater-lake of an extinct volcano in Australia. Our principal objective was to discover if such a habitat— geographically distant and isolated from Europe (the latter having provided most of the diversity on which ciliate taxonomy is based)— could yield species that were unusual, and perhaps new to science. Numerous samples were taken from the superficial layer of lake sediment, and examined fresh in the laboratory. Thereafter, the samples were manipulated to encourage growth of rare and cryptic ciliate species. Eighty-five species of ciliated protozoa were identified. None of these was new, all having been found previously in fresh-or brackish water, sea water, or soil. All, apart from one (Oxytricha salmastra), are already known from Europe. In order to test our ability to discover new ciliate species, we examined a variety of water samples from other lakes, including those known to harbour endemic algae. One new ciliate species (Lembadion curvatum) was discovered in a lake in Western Tasmania. We conclude that the ciliate fauna of Australia is remarkably similar to that in Europe and other parts of the world. This is supported by the example of those ‘endemic’ ciliate species described in the literature which have, in response to additional sampling, been found elsewhere in the world.     

Four new species of Hargicotyle Mamaev, 1972 (Diclidophoridae) parasites on sciaenid fishes from Peru and Chile

Hargicotyle magna sp. nov., Hargicotyle paralonchuri sp. nov., Hargicotyle sciaenae sp. nov., from the gills of the Sciaenids Sciaena fasciata, Paralonchurus peruanus and Sciaena deliciosa, respectively, and Hargicotyle menticirrhi sp. nov. from the gill and mouth of Menticirrhus ophicephalus are described from the northern Chilean and central Peruvian coast. Distinct characteristics of the new species are the distribution of the vitelline follicles; the number and distribution of the testes, the size, shape and number of larval hooks; and the presence of one or two suckers in each clamp.     

抗菌素对海洋微藻静置培养生长和保存的影响

分别用不同的抗菌素处理常用的海洋微藻,观察对海洋微藻生长和保存的影响。结果表明：青霉素在开始2d内对三角褐指藻有抑制作用,在5d之后抑制作用不明显,青霉素有利于湛江等鞭藻、等鞭藻和亚心形扁藻的生长。硫酸链霉素在开始5d内对三角褐指藻、扁藻、湛江等鞭藻、等鞭藻在不同程度上有抑制作用。硫酸庆大霉素在一定程度上有利于湛江等鞭藻、等鞭藻生长。氯霉素在较高浓度时能抑制湛江等鞭藻、等鞭藻生长。青霉素、硫酸链霉素在湛江等鞭藻、等鞭藻的保存中有一定的作用。以青霉素和硫酸链霉素共同处理的效果最好。     

Three new species of free-living nematodes from the Bohai Sea,China

Three new species of free-living marine nematode, Setosabatieria jingjingae sp. nov., Amphimonhystera circula sp. nov. and Belbolla zhangi sp. nov., from the Bohai Sea, China, are described and illustrated. Setosabatieria jingjingae can be separated from the other two species in the genus by the number of amphid turns, the structure of the spicules and the number of pre-cloacal supplements. A pictorial key and tabular information are provided to facilitate species identification in this genus. Amphimonhystera circula is characterized by circular amphids, a simple gubernaculum and the shape of the tail. Belbolla zhangi is characterized by the number of oesophageal bulbs, the shape of the spicules and gubernacular apophysis, and the size of the two pre-cloacal supplements. The types are deposited in the Natural History Museum (London).     

氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定海洋生物体中的痕量硒

采用硝酸-高氯酸处理样品,以氢化物原子荧光光谱法,测定海洋生物体中的痕量硒,在选定的试验条件下,方法检出限为3 μg/kg;进行大量的海洋生物体样品测定,加标回收率为84.5%～117%,相对标准偏差为0.14%～7.43%,结果与参考值一致.     

The impact of damming on geochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic carbon in a karst river

To determine the impact of damming on the geochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） in the Wujiang River basin, field measurements and samples were collected semimonthly for a year. The surface waters of the reservoirs contained concentrations of chlo- rophyll a up to 5.6 times higher than the upstream river. Compared with the entering waters, the contributions of HCO3- and dissolved CO2 to DIC decreased, and the contribution of CO32- to DIC and the carbon isotopic composition of DIC （δ13CDIc） increased in the surface waters of the reservoirs, while in the waters released, the DIC species showed reverse geochemical behaviors. The δ13CDIc ranged from -10.2 %o to 2.5 %0, indicating that significant contributions were from carbonate weathering, photosynthesis, and respiration. After the damming of a river, the bioactivity of phytoplankton was enhanced, and this affected the geochemistry of DIC compared to an unimpacted river and δ13CDIC can be used to discern these changes. High-frequency monitoring of river-reservoir systems is necessary to evaluate the efflux of CO2 and provide a better understanding of the carbon sinks and sources in the impounded river.     

国内外温排水热影响监测与评价研究方法探讨

整理了近几年国内外核电厂温排水热影响监测与评价的研究成果,通过实地测量、遥感观测、物理模型、数值模拟、航海雷达5个方面阐述了国内外核电厂热影响监测与评价的良好实践及经验,针对国内当前研究进展存在的不足之处提出建议,并指出未来温排水研究的方向及其应关注的问题。     

国内外海相火山岩型铜矿床研究——以日本Sunrise黑矿型矿床为例

简要概述海相火山岩型铜矿的国内外研究现状、类型,分析其产出特点、分布规律,突出该类矿床的重要性,并以日本Sunrise矿床为例进行介绍,加强对该类矿床的认识,为我国华东区海相火山岩型铜矿的探明与发现提供丰富的经验。     

我国陆源污染物入海量及污染防治策略

陆源是海洋环境污染的主要来源.根据2003的调查和统计数据,我国当前通过主要的河口、沿岸陆域和直排海排污口进入海洋的COD、氨氮、石油类、磷酸盐、重金属等污染物质的总量约为784×104吨,控制和消减陆源是当前保护海洋环境的最重要的内容和最有效的措施.通过实施工业、生活、农业的污染源控制工程,加强沿海城市的环境管理,开展重点河口、海湾的环境综合治理和生态保护,采取海岸带综合管理等多方面的措施,能有效的消减陆源污染物入海量,改善海洋环境质量.     

以浮游植物评价百花湖水质污染及富营养化

本文利用百花湖１９９５－４ ～１９９６－６ 　１ 个水文年浮游植物的监测结果，对百花湖的水质污染及富营养化进行评价。结果表明百花湖浮游植物的群落结构为绿—蓝藻型，细胞密度年平均４７－６２ ×１０６ 个／Ｌ（ 或个体数年平均２２－５５ ×１０６ 个／Ｌ） ，浮游植物细胞密度比１９８０ 年增长２３ 倍。藻类综合指数为３－６ ～９－０ ，绿藻指数１－３ ～５－５ ，Ｒ．Ｍａｒｇｌｅｆ 多样性指数为０－９１ ～２－０６ ，Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ －Ｗｅａｖｅｒ 多样性指数为０－５８７ ～１－２２１ ，均匀度指数为０－１９７ ～０－３７３ 。各项藻类指标均指示百花湖已受到重污染，水体属富营养型湖泊。