Antibacterial activity in the egg mass of a sea hare

Summary The eggs of a sea hare,Aplysia kurodai, contained antibacterial factors which probably play a role in the defense of eggs against bacterial infection. The active factors were composed of several heat-labile proteins, unrelated to lysozyme, and were produced in the albumen gland.     

Comparison of summer thermohaline field and circulation structure of the Bohai Sea between 1958 and 2000

TheBohaiSea(37°07′—41°N,117°35′—121°10′E)isashallowsemi-enclosedsea.SincetheBohaiSeaistheonlyinnerseaofChinaandalsoanimportantstra-tegicsea,itisoneofthemostinvestigatedseasinChina.Alargenumberofstudiesonthetideandthetidalcurrentaswellasnumericalsimulationofcirculationhavebeencarriedout,enhancingourunderstandingoftheBohaiSea.Long-termvariationsoftheseasurfacesalinity(SSS)andseasurfacetemperature(SST)oftheBohaiSeawereanalyzed.Linetal.[1]foundthatthepositivetrendsoftheannualmeanS…     

西北太平洋部分海域AVHRR、TMI与MODIS遥感海表层温度的初步验证

选取[10～35°N,110～165°E]的西北太平洋海域,利用2002年7月～2005年12月Argo浮标数据对AVHRR/MODIS/TMI SST的daily（升轨）数据进行验证.结果表明：AVHRR/MODIS/TMI daily SST与Argo浮标5～6 m层温度总体的均方差rms在0.6～0.9℃,平均偏差bias在-0.2～0.2℃,平均绝对偏差bias_abs在0.3～0.7℃.这与三传感器全球范围的SST反演目标相当,说明在本区域SST反演不存在显著偏差.各遥感SST与浮标温度的差异存在季节变化,夏季偏高,很可能与夏季垂直混合较弱,比对采用的实测水温与海表温度差距较大有关.在3种遥感SST中,TMISST偏离实测值的程度最高,且偏离范围较大.作者认为这与该区域黑潮经过,产生诸多涡旋和锋面,SST时空变化剧烈而TMI空间分辨率较低有关.本研究将为此西北太平洋海域的多源SST融合提供一个比较可靠的依据.     

南海北部大陆架海洋生态系统Ecopath模型的应用与分析

过度捕捞和环境恶化导致渔业资源和海洋生态系统逆向发展。采用EwE5.1软件,对南海北部大陆架建立Ecopath(生态通道模型)模型。通过各级流量、生物量、生产量、捕捞量、系统总流量以及生态位和混和营养效应等方面的分析,得出营养流通主要有2种途径,肉食鱼类间饵料竞争非常激烈,低值鱼类间具相似的捕食压力,顶级捕食者对大部分鱼类负效应不明显。系统受过度捕捞渔业影响很大,并存在营养级I利用效率低和渔业资源小型化、低值化等不稳定的幼态特征。     

Benthic foraminiferal fauna turnover at 2.1 Ma in the northern South China Sea

Quantitative analysis of benthic foraminifera from ODP Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) shows that abundance of Bulimina alazanensis, sometimes up to about 90%, decreased gradually since 3.2 Ma, especially at 2.1 Ma. Abundance of other benthic foraminiferal species, Globobulimina sub-globosa and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, increased after 2.1 Ma. Comparison with changes in oxygen and carbon isotopes of planktonic and benthic foraminifera shows that high abundance values of B. alazanensis corresponded with lower values of oxygen isotope, but for carbon isotope, high values of the species were consistent with heavier carbon isotope of benthic foraminifera and lighter carbon isotope of planktonic foraminifera, respectively, and vice versa. Considering factors such as uplift of Bashi Strait, expansion of the North Hemisphere Glaciation, strengthening of East Asian winter mon-soon and variations in oxygen and carbon isotope of foraminifera, changes of B. alazanensis in ODP Site 1146 suggest that the source of deep water masses of the northern South China Sea changed from the warm Pacific deep water with high oxygen content to Pacific Intermediate water with low oxygen content at 2.1 Ma. In addition, the strengthened East Asian winter monsoon resulted in increased pri-mary productivity, high nutrient and suboxic bottom water. Variations in species of B. alazanensis seemed to be unable to tolerate environmental stress induced by deep water masses and productivity changes.     

Coupling and propagating of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific and the South China Sea

The coupling and propagating features of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific (WP) and the South China Sea (SCS) were studied based on time series analyses of satellite altimeter measured, along-track sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) along 21°N and the slope of the northern SCS. The analyses show that mesoscale sea level fluctuations in the WP have rather limited coherent effects on the SCS, and no statistically significant propagation of mesoscale variability through the Luzon Strait was observed except in the 45-day band. Evidence suggests that the 45-day fluctuation is very much likely a character of the Kuroshio originating from its low-latitude beginning. It is also sug- gested that the westward propagating Rossby waves will deform when they encounter the dynamical barrier of the Kuroshio. The Kuroshio will then acts on the SCS in its own way. The SCS is a relatively isolated system in the sense of coupling and propagating of oceanic mesoscale waves.     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

应用体长股分析法估算东海海鳗资源量

海鳗是一种重要的渔业资源,中国海鳗的最高渔获量达到了31.96×104t(2004年),东海区海鳗渔获量最高达到17.67×104t以上(2004年),其中浙江省海鳗最高渔获量为9.02×104t。根据体长股分析法对海鳗资源量进行初步评估,为渔业管理提供参考,研究样品1394尾来自2002～2005年浙江近海拖虾、单拖、帆张网、流刺网等作业的渔获。估算的结果:海鳗自然死亡系数为M=0.15,捕捞死亡系数为F=1.3;东海区海鳗的平均资源量为12.36×104t,平均资源尾数为308.28×106尾,初始资源量为23.41×104t,最大资源尾数为583.99×106尾。     

澳大利亚高压对南海夏季风爆发前期的影响

利用NCEP/NCAR的在分析资料,分析了1948～2004年期间澳大利亚（以下简称澳高）的年变化和日变化及其对南海夏季风的影响。结果显示在澳高强弱年这种影响有着不同的结果：在年际变化中,澳高与南海夏季风的相关性在澳高弱年明显大于强澳高年;而日变化中,澳高与南海夏季风的相关性在澳高弱年为正,澳高强年则为负。进一步研究表明,造成这些现象的原因大致可以归为：强弱澳高年,越赤道气流的通道变换;西太平洋副热带高压（以下简称副高）的位置偏向;马斯可林高压（以下简称马高）的作用的叠加效应.这些作用对于南海夏季风的重要组成部分：越赤道气流产生了重要影响,从而影响了南海夏季风的强度。     

Annelids (Polychaeta and Oligochaeta) from the Sea of Marmara,with descriptions of five new species

This paper deals with annelids (Oligochaeta and Polychaeta) collected in the Sea of Marmara between 2006 and 2010 at depths from 0 to 66 m. A total of five oligochaete and 198 polychaete species were found. Five polychaete species, namely Prosphaerosyllis marmarae sp. nov., Levinsenia demiri sp. nov., Levinsenia kosswigi sp. nov., Levinsenia marmarensis sp. nov. and Levinsenia tribranchiata sp. nov. are new to science, and five oligochaete and 84 polychaete species are new to the fauna of the Sea of Marmara. A list of species found in the region and their maximum densities are presented at depth intervals. The present material includes six alien polychaete species, Paraprionospio coora, Polydora cornuta, Prionospio (Minuspio) pulchra, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, Chaetozone corona and Metasychis gotoi, of which the latter four species were new records for the region.