冻融—硫酸盐干湿循环作用下复掺水泥砂浆性能研究

探讨了复掺粉煤灰、矿渣在冻融循环、硫酸盐干湿循环以及二者共同作用下的性能。通过研究其质量损失率、相对动弹性模量、抗压强度等力学性能来对复掺比例进行讨论,得出了复合作用下的较优配合比.研究表明:随着循环次数的增加,试块破坏程度逐渐严重,质量损失率出现负增长现象,相对动弹性模量及抗压强度逐渐减小.掺入矿物掺合料的试件组(试验组)性能略差于未掺入矿物掺合料的试件组(对照组),水胶比越小,其试验组与对照组的数据曲线变化趋势越相似.复合作用下,试件的破坏程度相对单一作用下更严重,但是破坏过程相对平缓.     

矿物掺合料对页岩陶粒混凝土抗压强度的影响

以页岩陶粒混凝土为基础配方,系统研究了单掺和双掺不同含量的偏高岭土、粉煤灰、钢渣等矿物掺合料对其抗压强度影响,通过SEM和XRD进行了相关的微观结构和组成分析.结果表明当单掺矿物掺和料质量分数为10%时,页岩陶粒混凝土达到最高的抗压强度;双掺和时,总掺量为10%(质量分数)、比例为1∶2的偏高岭土和粉煤灰时,页岩陶粒混凝土的抗压强度最好,其3d、7d和28d的抗压强度分别达到了18.1、28.6和35MPa,对比没有加入矿物掺合料的页岩陶粒混凝土的抗压强度分别增加了417%、267%和250%,主要原因是偏高岭土和粉煤灰的掺加能够优化轻骨料混凝土的微观结构,对强度具有较大贡献.     

基于光流分析法检测钢水液位

在覆盖剂黏着于测温管表面的连铸中包中,基于视觉方法测量钢水液位系统无法通过温度场分析测量钢水液位.为此,本文使用光流分析算法跟踪测温管拔出钢水后表面黏着并向下流动的覆盖剂,检测出覆盖剂在测温管不同位置黏着特性的差异,并从微观角度分析覆盖剂在测温管表面的黏着特性与钢水液位的联系,最终计算出钢水液位.经验证,该方法所测得钢水液位误差在3mm以内.大量现场试验表明,该方法能较好地解决覆盖剂遮挡测温管表面温度信息的问题,使基于视觉方法的钢水液位测量系统在测温管黏着覆盖剂的异常情况下能准确可靠地测量出钢水液位.     

高铝熔渣物相析出演变规律研究

以改善高铝渣浸出性能为目标,采用DSC实验和SEM-EDS检测方法,研究了高铝渣控温冷却过程中物相析出规律,考察了降温速率、n(CaO)/n(Al₂O₃)和MgO含量对铝酸钙渣物相析出演变规律的影响.结果表明:当降温速率加快时,熔渣凝固过程趋于更大程度的偏析,C₂S相变愈不充分,粒度粗化,劣化了自粉行为和浸出条件;随着调高渣中n(CaO)/n(Al₂O₃),C₁₂A₇的析出温度升高,物相析出活性按照CA→C₁₂A₇→C₃A逐渐增强;当渣中含有MgO时,物相中出现C₂MS₂,不利于C₂S物相转变,更为重要的是MgO富集在含铝物相中形成Q相,显著恶化氧化铝浸出率和收得率.     

基于路用性能的石灰-钢渣稳定土试验分析

基于路用性能设计正交试验,研究了影响石灰-钢渣稳定土抗压强度的4种因素.结果表明,对于石灰-钢渣稳定土初期抗压强度,石灰含量影响最大,钢渣影响较小;但对于其后期抗压强度,钢渣掺量的影响明显增强,且钢渣粒径大小对后期强度增长速率的影响较大.试验结果对比发现,石灰-钢渣稳定土具有较高的无侧限抗压强度和加州承载比,满足《公路路基设计规范》(JTG D30-2015)和《公路路面基层施工技术细则》(JTG/T F20-2015)的要求,表明可以使用钢渣代替部分石灰或水泥应用于高速公路路床填料.     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

Synthesis of the 3D porous carbon-manganese oxide (3D-C@MnO) nanocomposite and its supercapacitor behavior study

A 3D porous carbon-manganese oxide ([email protected]) nanocomposite is successfully synthesized via a thermal plasma deposition method. The chemical bonds and compositions, phase structures, surface morphologies, etc. of as-obtained [email protected] nanocomposite were characterized by the various equipment, such as X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopes. The electrochemical performances of the [email protected] nanocomposite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 780 F g^?1 at a current density of 2 A g^?1 and a capacitance retention rate of 99% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g^?1. These excellent capacitive performances may be attributed to the encapsulation of MnO nanoparticles by porous carbon sheets in the [email protected] MnO nanocomposite structure. It is believed that the carbon-encapsulated MnO nanoparticles can be protected from a volume deformation during the charge adsorption/desorption cycle and can be electrically improved by the encapsulated carbon sheets, resulting in better overall capacitive performance. In addition, this study also demonstrates the practical applicability by assembling a supercapacitor using the as-obtained [email protected] nanocomposite to glow a light emitting diode.     

Electrorheological effect of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with different TiC contents at 1500℃

The electrorheological properties of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–TiO2–TiC slags were investigated to enhance understanding of the effect of TiC addition on the viscosity, yield stress, and fluid pattern of Ti-bearing slags in a direct-current electric field. The viscosities and shear stresses of 4wt% and 8wt% TiC slags were found to increase substantially with increasing electric field intensity, whereas virtually no rheological changes were observed in the 0wt% TiC slag. The Herschel–Bulkley model was applied to demonstrate that the fluid pattern of the 4wt% TiC slag was converted from that of a Newtonian fluid to that of a Bingham fluid in response to the applied electric field; and the static yield stress increased linearly with the square of the electric field intensity.     

转炉泡沫渣气泡分布特点及形成过程

在转炉留渣-双渣工艺脱磷阶段结束倒渣时，分别使用样勺获取倒渣开始时上部泡沫渣，倒渣结束时下部泡沫渣以及倒渣结束后炉内剩余底部泡沫渣，使用宏观及微观的方法分别分析泡沫渣各部位气泡分布特点。结果表明：气泡平均当量直径，上部>下部>底部；孔隙率，上部>下部>底部。转炉泡沫渣的形成过程为：随着大量CO/CO2气泡进入渣中，气泡之间不断碰撞、合并，上部气泡被下部气泡抬挤且由于气泡本身的浮力作用，气泡不断上升，气泡在上升时由于重力作用，气泡之间渣相在重力作用下析液，气泡的拓扑结构不断发生变化，同时气泡之间不断碰撞、合并，最后形成上部气泡直径大且孔隙率高，下部气泡直径小且孔隙率低的泡沫渣。     

汽车板用钢Si含量控制技术研究

为解决国产汽车板用钢在冶炼过程中因钢水增硅导致的钢板性能下降的问题,本文对钢板冶炼各阶段Si含量的产生及变化情况进行了研究。影响各阶段钢水增硅的原因主要包括钢包渣碱度、钢水Al含量、中包渣和中包绝热板的材质等,通过选用Si质量分数小于1.5%的脱氧剂、采用钢包渣改质剂提高钢包渣的渣碱度、选用全碱性中间包或不含硅的大包保护渣等控制措施,能够将精炼-连铸过程中钢液增硅质量分数控制在0.01%以下。