成本视角下全要素能源生产率评价与解构

本文依据中国"低成本"竞争模式,基于"要素价格"和"多产出"的双约束,构建一种新型的全要素能源生产率指数,并沿着"要素价格-成本权衡-区域能源效率变化"的逻辑链条,从成本视角对全要素能源生产率指数解构,探寻中国区域能源效率的时空分布特征以及根本动因,研究表明:1)要素价格扭曲的"低成本"策略通过技术效率和要素配置效率影响全要素能源生产率的变动,且后者逐渐成为影响我国区域全要素能源生产率指数变动的关键因素.2)就全国而言,能源利用效率和能源配置效率在节能减排政策实施前后有显著的跳跃性增长,说明市场化进程加快、节能减排政策实施能显著提高我国整体能源利用效率和配置效率.3)东部地区能源利用效率表现较好,但因要素市场扭曲程度较高,能源配置效率相对较低;中西部地区技术水平较低,但要素市场扭曲程度相对较小,短期内市场化改革决定的要素配置效率对区域全要素能源生产率提升更重要。     

Newton and action at a distance between bodies—A response to Andrew Janiak's “Three concepts of causation in Newton”

This article responds to Professor Andrew Janiak's recent attempt to defend the proposition that Isaac Newton did not believe in action at a distance between bodies (or any other kind of substance) (Janiak, 2013). His argument rests on a distinction between “three concepts of causation in Newton”, which leads him to conclude that although Newton did not believe in action at a distance between bodies, he was able to accept that gravity was a “distant action”. I critically examine Janiak's arguments here, and the historical evidence he brings to bear upon it, and argue that Professor Janiak's latest claims do nothing to undermine the view to which he is opposed, namely, that Newton did believe in the possibility of action at a distance between bodies.     

Avian mortality due to power lines in the Canary Islands with special reference to the steppe-land birds

Biodiversity is being lost worldwide at an increased rate particularly as the result of human activities and infrastructure. Avian mortality through collision with power lines has been an important topic in animal ecology research, but studies of this kind have never been undertaken in the Canary Islands, a volcanic archipelago located near the northwest African coast that has important seabird colonies, several endemic bird species and endemic races of steppe-land birds of conservation concern. During two contrasting periods in 2008 (breeding vs post-breeding), a total of 366 km of power lines were surveyed on this archipelago covering the entire distributional range of the most important steppe-land bird species (i.e. 232 km, Fuerteventura; 134 km, Lanzarote). In all, 310 carcasses representing 23 families and 26 species were detected. We estimated with distance Sampling that 25.5% and 6.3% of individuals of the total population of Houbara bustards, Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae, and Eurasian stone curlews, Burhinus oedicnemus insularum, respectively, were killed in a year. We encourage the Canary Islands authorities (Consejería de Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias) to try to minimize the Houbara bustard collision rate, particularly in the northern plains of Lanzarote (i.e. Jables de Famara), as a means to reduce mortality of this emblematic species in this insular environment.     

纳米材料量子尺寸效应的理解及应用

在理解纳米材料量子尺寸效应的基础上,对久保提出的分立平均能级间距与热能的关系公式δ=4EF与温度T之间的关系公式d03<1.078×T 10-14n-31m3,由此讨论临界粒径d0与温度T之间的关系,并进而应用公式举例计算纳米级金属颗粒出现量子尺寸效应的临界粒径。     

基于实验和数值仿真的钻具防顶卡瓦结构优化

现有技术及装备中对预防钻具上顶的研究较少,目前没有一套成熟的装置能够解决钻具在溢流关井后高套压引起的上顶问题.设计的钻具防上顶装置能够有效解决这个问题,装置所用卡瓦在工作过程中承受较大夹持力,其齿尖易发生磨损,直接影响防上顶装置的锚定性能.运用有限元和室内实验相印证的方法对卡瓦工作过程进行分析,分析了牙前角、牙顶圆角和...     

基于阈值优化的CDRM-SVM入侵检测算法

为了提高中心距离比值法预选取支撑矢量的效率,降低支撑矢量机的训练时间,引入自适应动态克隆算法对中心距离比值法的阈值进行优化,并将该算法应用于入侵检测中,提出了基于阈值优化的CDRM-SVM入侵检测算法.算法首先利用自适应动态克隆算法对中心距离比值法中的阈值进行优化,获得理想的阈值,从而可以提取出包含全部支撑矢量的边界矢量集,然后使用边界矢量集代替训练样本集进行支持矢量机的训练,大幅度减少了训练样本的数量,使支持矢量机的训练速度显著提高.同时,由于边界矢量集中包含了支撑矢量,因此,支撑矢量机的分类能力没有受到影响.采用KDDCUP 99数据集进行试验,试验结果表明:与传统方法相比,在保证性能的情况下,所提算法能够有效地降低支持向量机的训练时间.     

感应式静电引信探测技术

目的　研究直接检测探测电极的感应电荷获得静电目标信息的静电近炸引信探测技术; 方法　采用短路轴向探测电极感应引信接近静电目标过程中电荷量的变化,并采用电荷放大器检测信号; 利用静电学的基本原理,对其进行了理论推导; 结果　得出探测方程和定距公式,以及增大探测灵敏度的设计准则; 阐述了在该种电极设置下对检测电路的要求以及环境变化对检测结果稳定性的影响; 结论　感应式静电引信探测技术适用于静电目标探测且探测距离远、不受非带电物体的干扰;     

交互式多媒体板的研究与设计

针对在IP网络环境下开展大规模用户实时多媒体交互协作的需求,提出多媒体板的概念,给出了多媒体板系统的定义,并用Petri两描述了该系统的会话模型,提出了一种适合于多媒体板及其他CSCW应用系统的并发控制机制和算法,最后给出了一种基于该机制的Browser／Server结构多媒体板设计思路,并分析了多媒体板的应用场合与前景。     

对高校数字图书馆与远程教育服务的思考

针对数字图书馆的特点,分析了数字图书馆在远程教育中具有的优势,探讨了数字图书馆在远程教育过程中存在的不足,论述了数字图书馆在远程教育发展中应注意的诸如设立权威的远程教育管理机构、致力于解决远程教育的"信息孤岛"等问题,提出了加强和改进数字图书馆服务远程教育的策略.     

交换主理想整环上交错矩阵的距离与极大集

讨论了交换主理想整环上交错矩阵的算术距离与距离之间的关系,并用两个矩阵之间的算术距离得到了交换主理想整环上交错矩阵极大集的结构.