5-氯-2-(4-氯-苯氧基)-苯酚的合成

以对二氯苯为起始原料,经过乙酰基化、醚化、过氧乙酸氧化、水解得到5-氯-2-(4-氯-苯氧基)-苯酚,改良后的工艺使终产品收率达32.9%,醚化反应改用氢氧化钾代替碳酸钾与对氯苯酚反应制备亲核试剂,均三甲苯代替二甲苯为溶剂,醚化产物收率达到69.2%。氧化反应使用乙酸酐与过氧化氢(w=0.30)反应制备氧化剂,乙酸为溶剂,氧化反应收率达到72.7%。     

程序升温热重法研究神府高温煤焦-CO2气化反应性

在制焦温度为1223~1773 K内,制备了慢速和快速神府煤焦,采用程序升温热重法研究了煤焦-CO2高温气化反应性。主要研究了升温速率、制焦温度和热解速率对煤焦反应性的影响,并对一种高温慢速热解焦(制焦温度为1573 K)的程序升温和等温动力学进行了比较。结果表明:升温速率对煤焦-CO2气化反应有明显影响;制焦温度较高的煤焦反应性较低;快速热解有利于提高煤焦的反应性;由程序升温法和等温法所得活化能随转化率变化呈现不同的趋势,但所得活化能的平均值分别为160.13 kJ/mol和163.21 kJ/mol,十分接近。     

Fe/SiO2催化剂的快速制备及催化生长碳纳米管

以纳米二氧化硅吸附和分散FeCl3.6H2O,采用旋转蒸发-高温还原法合成出Fe/SiO2催化剂。采用化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管,使用SEM和TEM对产物进行了表征。结果表明,当Fe/(SiO2 Fe)(物质的量比)为17.5%时,能够制备出高质量的直径为30~50nm的多壁碳纳米管。     

一对多交互式在线客户服务排队模型

以聊天工具为基础的在线客服大量取代了电话形式的传统客服.与电话客服不同,一个在线客服人员能同时为多个顾客提供交互式的服务,而传统的排队公式都是以一对一服务为基础推导的,无法直接用来计算在线客服的排队指标.分析了一对多交互模式下的排队特点,提出了该模式下的服务水平指标,构建了包含顾客层和消息层的双层排队模型,推导了系统平...     

铁银共掺杂TiO2纳米材料的制备及性能

本文采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了Fe^3＋、Ag单掺杂以及Fe^3＋Ag共掺杂的TiO2复合材料,采用XRD、SEM研究分析了样品晶体的结构变化和形貌。以甲基橙为光催化反应模型化合物,考察了掺杂对光催化活性的影响。无论是单掺杂还是共掺杂,掺杂后效果明显提高,性能均优于纯TiO2,特别是共掺杂效果更为明显。根据最后试验共掺杂的最佳比例Fe^3＋0．1％、Ag0．7％,确定了共掺杂降解环境的最佳pH值。     

基于ATmega8的智能CO_2变送器

本文以一种固态电化学型二氧化碳(CO_2)传感器TGS4161和ATmega8单片机为基础,提出了实现智能CO_2变送器的一种设计方素.该系统的特点是采用软硬件相结合的方法来弥补传感器自身所存在的不足.实验结果表明,该系统能够实现CO_2检测功能,而且成本较低,具有很高的实用价值和广泛的应用前景.     

Bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors

Bitter peptides are a structurally diverse group of oligopeptides often generated in fermented, aged, and hydrolyzed food products that make them unfavorable for consumption. Humans perceive bitterness by a repertoire of 25 human bitter receptors, termed T2Rs. Knowledge of the structural features of bitter receptors and of the factors that stimulate bitter receptors will aid in understanding the mechanism responsible for bitter taste perception. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding structural features of bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors. Received 24 November 2008; received after revision 11 December 2008; accepted 16 December 2008     

Apolipoprotein M affecting lipid metabolism or just catching a ride with lipoproteins in the circulation?

Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a novel apolipoprotein found mainly in high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Its function is yet to be defined. ApoM (25 kDa) has a typical lipocalin ?-barrel fold and a hydrophobic pocket. Retinoids bind apoM but with low affinity and may not be the natural ligands. ApoM retains its signal peptide, which serves as a hydrophobic anchor to the lipoproteins. This prevents apoM from being lost in the urine. Approximately 5% of HDL carries an apoM molecule. ApoM in plasma (1 μM) correlates strongly with both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL cholesterol, suggesting a link to cholesterol metabolism. However, in casecontrol studies, apoM levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and controls were similar, suggesting apoM levels not to affect the risk for CHD in humans. Experiments in transgenic mice suggested apoM to have antiatherogenic properties; possible mechanisms include increased formation of pre-? HDL, enhanced cholesterol mobilization from foam cells, and increased antioxidant properties. Received 28 November 2008; received after revision 15 December 2008; accepted 16 December 2008     

Breaking biological symmetry in membrane proteins: The asymmetrical orientation of PsaC on the pseudo-C2 symmetric Photosystem I core

The elucidation of assembly pathways of multi-subunit membrane proteins is of growing interest in structural biology. In this study, we provide an analysis of the assembly of the asymmetrically oriented PsaC subunit on the pseudo C₂-symmetric Photosystem I core. Based on a comparison of the differences in the NMR solution structure of unbound PsaC with that of the X-ray crystal structure of bound PsaC, and on a detailed analysis of the PsaC binding site surrounding the F_X iron-sulfur cluster, two models can be envisioned for what are likely the last steps in the assembly of Photosystem I. Here, we dissect both models and attempt to address heretofore unrecognized issues by proposing a mechanism that includes a thermodynamic perspective. Experimental strategies to verify the models are proposed. In closing, the evolutionary aspects of the assembly process will be considered, with special reference to the structural arrangement of the PsaC binding surface. Received 22 October 2008; received after revision 17 November 2008; accepted 05 December 2008     

CoFe2O4纳米管的合成与表征

利用阳极氧化铝模板,用化学方法合成了CoFe2O4纳米管.X射线衍射结果表明,纳米管由无择优取向的、立方尖晶石结构的多晶CoFe2O4构成.电子显微镜显示,纳米管管径约300 nm,管壁厚度约100 nm,由约30 nm的CoFe2O4颗粒组成.进一步的磁性测量表明,纳米管阵列无明显的各向异性,其矫顽力约1 kOe,磁滞回线的方形度约0.37.