The occurrence and significance of C25HBI in Cenozoic saline lacustrine source rocks from the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China

The saline lacustrine deposit of the Oligocene Lower Ganchaigou Formation is the main source rock for the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China.In this study,abundant highly branched isoprenoids with 25 carbon atoms (C25HBI) were detected in the upper section of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation.C25HBI is a biomarker for diatoms,and can provide information regarding biogeochemical processes during production and preservation of sedimentary organic matter.The carbon isotopic values of C25HBI in these source rocks were in the range of-18‰ to-20‰.The relative enrichment in 13C of C25HBI suggests that these isoprenoids were derived from diatom blooms.In this case,the diatoms used HCO3-as an additional carbon source to dissolved CO2 in water column due to their high biological productivity.Conversely,the diatom blooms indicated an abundant nutrient supply to the environment and high primary productivity.Thus,the occurrence of 13C-enriched C25HBI could be an ideal marker for good source rocks.The decreased concentration of CO2(aq) in the water column induced by diatom blooms can result in an enrichment in 13C of organic matter synthesized by primary producers.This may be a possible reason for the occurrence of 13C-enriched organic matter in the Cenozoic source rocks of the Western Qaidam Basin.Previous studies have shown that the high carbon number n-alkanes sourced from diatoms have no carbon preference.Hence,the sources of n-alkanes in regional source rocks are complex,and should be considered when discussing the sources of organic matter in future studies.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

K2O对氧化物原料合成Al8B4C7的影响

采用硼砂、金属铝和碳粉为原料一步合成Al8B4C7.在合成过程中掺入不同含量的K2O,研究杂质K2O对合成Al8B4C7的影响.将原料混合均匀,在200MPa的压力下压制成φ20mm×20mm的圆柱型试样,将干燥后的试样在不同温度下的流动氩气气氛中进行合成.利用化学分析、XRD和SEM等分析测试技术,研究了K2O含量以及烧结温度对反应合成材料物相组成和显微结构的影响.结果表明:尽管加入不同含量的K2O,但其高温烧结反应后,若K2O的质量分数在0.019%～0.028%之间,就不出现含K的新相.K2O的加入不利于Al8B4C7的合成,它可将Al8B4C7的开始生成温度提升至1 400℃,而且1 700℃时,Al8B4C7含量较不加入K2O时明显减少.添加K2O合成的Al8B4C7为1μm左右大小的无规则小颗粒.     

LiMn2O4单晶的充放电性能

为进行尖晶石LiMn2O4的改性优化,合成了大小为100~400 nm,呈八面体形貌的LiMn2O4尖晶石单晶,并采用XRD、SEMI、CP等方法进行了分析,旨在对该尖晶石单晶的充、放电性能进行表征.     

均匀沉淀（尿素水解）法合成CO32-型MgAl-LDH

采用均匀沉淀法(尿素水解法)合成了高结晶度的CO32-型MgAl-LDH,探索了温度和时间对产物的影响.研究发现,n(Mg)/n(Al)进料比为2时,较低反应温度(如100℃)下很难得到n(Mg)/n(Al)=2的LDH.这可能与Mg(OH)2溶解度较高,Mg2+难以与Al3+一同沉淀有关.为提高产物n(Mg)/n(Al),我们采用提高n(Mg)/n(Al)投料比(如3∶1,4∶1,5∶1)的方法.研究发现,反应时间较短时,可得较纯的LDH相,但产物的n(Mg)/n(Al)远低于进料比;若反应时间延长,会出现水菱镁矿(hydromagnesite)和菱镁矿(magnesite,MgCO3)的杂相.由此推断,为得到高n(Mg)/n(Al)的LDH,不能单纯增加n(Mg)/n(Al)进料比,其他条件如尿素浓度,尤其是反应温度等也需改变.     

Ti2AlN可加工陶瓷的快速制备及压痕行为研究

以TiH₂、AlN粉为原料,采用等离子体活化烧结技术制备出单相Ti₂AlN块体材料.通过对烧结过程中不同反应温度下产物的物相分析及显微结构观察,研究了Ti₂AlN的形成过程.结果表明:在700℃以下,TiH₂完成脱氢过程;当温度超过700℃后,AlN向脱氢后的Ti粉中扩散,并先后出现Ti₃Al、TiN、Ti₃AlN及TiAl等中间相;随着反应不断进行,中间相逐渐向Ti₂AlN相转变,从而在1200℃下保温5min获得了具有明显片层结构的单相Ti₂AlN陶瓷.对此单相Ti₂AlN陶瓷进行了压痕行为研究,结果表明低硬度以及压痕区内晶粒的微开裂是Ti₂AlN陶瓷具有良好可加工性的根本原因.     

海洋酸化正负效应:藻类的生理学响应

大气CO2浓度升高,引起海洋酸化,使得海水pCO2、H+和HCO3-浓度增加,CO32-浓度下降,并导致CaCO3的饱和度下降.海水pCO2升高,促进某些藻类的光合作用与生长,特别是在光能不足的情况下,这种促进效应尤其明显.然而,海水酸性的增加导致钙化藻类钙化量下降,蒙受阳光UV辐射的损害增加,威胁其生存.即使非钙化藻类,如某些硅藻类和赤潮藻类,pCO2升高引起的海水酸性增加可降低其耐受高光胁迫的能力,加大光抑制,且增加其呼吸作用.因此,海洋酸化究竟会导致海洋光合固碳量增加还是减少,取决于酸化与CO2浓度升高"双刃剑"效应的平衡,也就是取决于海洋酸化正、负效应的平衡.在不可逆转的海洋酸化进程中,藻类必然进行生理调节并适应酸化带来的海水化学胁迫,由此,遗传或进化方面的变化也会发生.海洋从大气中吸收CO2的量,依赖于藻类光合作用驱动的CO2生物泵,自然也依赖于海洋酸化的正、负效应.     

CO2排放约束下的广东省电力发展研究

为应对气候变化,我国承诺到2020年将单位GDP的CO2排放比2005年降低40 %～45%,广东省也有必要采取相应的减排措施.为此构建了广东省电力系统的能源技术模型以分析广东省电力的CO2排放和减排对策.应用模型分析了在三种减排约束下广东省至2020年电力的发展情景,以及相应的能源消费和CO2排放趋势.分析结果显示广东省电力部门至2020年合理的CO2减排目标可在将单位供电的CO2排放比2005年降低25%左右,主要减排措施包括:继续发展核电,核电装机的比例由2007年的5.8%提高到20%左右;关停200 MW以下小火电约8 000 MW;大力发展风电,风电装机比例由2007年的0.4%提高到10%以上;此外,还需适当发展天然气发电.     

番茄CDT2同源基因RNA干涉载体的构建及遗传转化研究

真核生物CDT2是CUL4-DDB1 E3泛素复合体的组成部分,在细胞周期调控、DNA复制与损伤修复中起到重要作用.本研究克隆了番茄CDT2同源基因片段并构建了CDT2基因RNA干涉植物表达载体pBI121-CDT2-RNAi.通过根癌农杆菌介导转入番茄子叶,经组织培养成功获得转基因植株.半定量RT-PCR分析显示,转基因植株叶片内CDT2的表达量明显低于野生型植株.转基因植株叶片叶绿素含量比野生型明显升高.该研究结果揭示番茄CDT2基因的功能做出了新的尝试.     

CeO2纳米颗粒对A549细胞的保护作用

探讨了CeO2纳米颗粒对体外培养的人肺腺癌细胞A549的生物效应.使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对CeO2纳米颗粒进行了表征,采用噻唑蓝比色法测定了不同质量浓度CeO2纳米颗粒悬液对A549细胞活性的影响,对其抗氧化能力进行了检测,并且测定了30 nm CeO2作用24 h后细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(G...