重金属镉水污染应急处理技术

本文介绍了重金属镉的相关污染事故、污染来源及中毒机理,同时在前人对含镉废水的各种处理方法研究的基础上进行了分析和比较,提出在面对突发性镉污染时的应急处理措施进行综合性的论述。     

麻疯树植物资源的研究与开发利用进展

概述了麻疯树的形态特征、分布、化学成分、药理活性、毒性研究及其在新能源上的应用等方面的一些进展,并对其应用前景及发展趋势进行了展望.     

Applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns and Their Toxicities

1 Results Single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWNH) aggregate ,composed of thousands of graphitic tubules (2 -5nmin diameter and 40 -50 nminlength) with a conical“horn-like“cap,has spherical structure with a diam-eter of about 100 nm(Fig.1)[1].The SWNHs contain no metal catalyst ,because they are produced bylaserablation of pure graphite targets .     

疏肝舒乳颗粒对实验性家兔的毒理试验研究

目的:观察疏肝舒乳颗粒(SGSR)在实验性家兔体内的急性毒理作用及其器官组织的形态学变化.方法:实验性家兔12只随机分为4组,即正常对照组及高、中、低剂量药物组,进行急性毒理实验.将150mL、100mL和50mL药物(相当于生药1500g、1000g和500g)一次性灌胃给药于高、中、低剂量组家兔,对照组给予等容量的生理盐水,观察各实验组及对照组各项毒理指标.结果:SGSR对实验家兔的日常活动、血液生化学以及各脏器的组织结构均无不良影响.结论:SGSR对实验家兔无明显急性毒性反应,可在临床推广应用.     

Your Vision or My Model? Lessons from Participatory Land Use Scenario Development on a European Scale

Participatory processes in scenario development have received increasing attention throughout the last years. Combining qualitative stakeholder and quantitative expert information (i.e. modelling) offers unique opportunities to mix good data, scientific rigour, imagination and expertise from different perspectives. However, this task is all but easy as it requires a careful balancing of approaches and an acceptance of different levels of knowledge and trust in different methods across disciplinary boundaries. In spite of a growing body of literature we are still in the early stages of learning how to deal effectively with participatory scenario development. In the PRELUDE project of the European Environment Agency a relatively far-reaching participatory approach to scenario development was applied: a group of stakeholders from across Europe was given full responsibility to develop long-term alternative land use scenarios in cooperation with experts and modellers. The scenarios have been used in a formal outreach process with key clients and stakeholders at the European and Member State level afterwards. The aim of this paper is to document the methods used, analyse their strengths and weaknesses and draw some general conclusions regarding participatory processes in scenario development. This paper argues that in future scenario development more attention needs to be paid to strengthen the integration of qualitative and quantitative analysis. A set of compelling and coherent storylines can effectively trigger strategic conversations among policy-makers and key stakeholders about potential future developments and related response strategies. A weak integration with quantitative results can undermine this outcome, which is one of the ultimate objectives of any scenario exercise.

残氯对于造纸漂白废水毒性测试的影响

通过利用发光细菌法测试蔗渣浆CEH漂白废水毒性的研究,对比了在有残氯和无残氯的两种情况下,漂白废水毒性的变化,发现废水中残氯含量越高,对废水毒性的贡献越大,得出了残氯对于测试生物毒性有着比较重要的影响,在研究纸浆漂白废水中主要有机物的毒性时要注意废水中残氯的消除.     

碱法麦草半化学浆黑液的可生化性研究

对麦草半化学浆黑液一般特性进行了研究,同时用生物测试技术对黑液厌氧生物可降解性及产甲烷毒性进行了试验分析。研究结果表明：①经微生物自然酸化后黑液的pH值满意厌氧反应器正常运行对pH值的要求;②黑液中磷元素缺乏,在废水处理时应按CODBD：N：P＝300－500：5：1的比例添加磷盐;③黑液可进行厌氧生物处理,其呆降解性为70％,但厌氧处理时必须进行稀释预处理或采用适当的脱毒措施。     

冰川棘豆的急性毒性部位筛选

盛花期的植物材料采自西藏阿里地区,经西北高原生物研究所鉴定为冰川棘豆（Oxytropis glacialis Benth ex Bge.)。样品阴干,粉碎,过20目筛,样品粉末中的可溶性物质依次用石油醚,乙醚,氯仿－乙醇,甲醇,水,1％盐酸和1％氢氧化钠提取,分别制成悬浮液,用小鼠进行毒性筛选试验,结果表明,急性毒性主要集中在甲醇提取部位 ,冰川棘豆甲醇提取物可使 小鼠出现震颤,走路不稳,四肢麻痹甚至死亡,而石油醚提取物和乙醚提取物能引起小鼠嗜睡和轻度嗜睡。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对于几种藻类的毒性试验

运用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准试验法,研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠（Ｌｉｎｅａｒ Ａｌｋｙｌ Ｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ Ｓｕｌｆｏｎａｔｅ）（缩写ＬＡＳ）对四种藻类的急性毒性,斜生栅藻（Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｏｂｉｌｉａｕｕｓ）、粉核小球藻（Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｙｒｅｎｏｉｄｏｓａ）、羊角月牙藻（Ｓｅｌｅｎａｓｔｒｕｎ ｃａｐｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ）和水华鱼腥藻（Ａｎａｂａｅｎａ ｆｌｏｓ－ａｑｕａｅ）,它们的     

柑橘溃疡病防治药剂的联合施用及减量化研究

为明确采样地病原菌菌系,测定药剂对该病原菌的毒力,通过探究药剂联合抑菌方式,寻求药剂的减量化施用,以降低其对环境及人体的危害。采用平板划线法分离病原菌,结合形态学观察、生理生化特征及16S rDNA方法鉴定病原菌;应用浑浊度法测定药剂对病原菌的毒力,利用回归分析获得毒力方程;通过药剂联合抑菌试验,采用分光光度法测定药剂与菌体互作后,获得病原菌生长的动态变化。病原菌为柑橘黄单胞菌柑橘亚种(Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri),A菌系。20%噻菌铜悬浮剂、20%松脂酸铜悬浮剂、78%波尔·锰锌可湿性粉剂、12%中生菌素可湿性粉剂、80%乙蒜素乳油、0.5%靓果安水剂半数有效浓度(EC₅₀)值分别为26.60μg/mL、18.80μg/mL、3.39μg/mL、3.01μg/mL、0.32μg/mL、0.004 1μg/mL。联合抑菌试验结果表明,加药时间≤48 h, 0.5%靓果安水剂的防治效果最明显。48 h后,80%乙蒜素乳油的防治效果显著高于其他防治药剂,但72 h后其防治效果下降。优先施用0.5%靓果安水剂,48 h后施用80%乙蒜素乳...