负极材料Li4Ti4.75Cu0.25O12/SnO2的合成及电化学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和化学沉积法制备了Li4Ti4.75Cu0.25O12/SnO2复合活性材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电测试对材料进行结构、形貌表征及电化学性能测试。结果表明:Li4Ti4.75Cu0.25O12/SnO2复合活性物质能够进一步改善倍率性能的同时,循环性能也得到了很好的保证。当电压在1~3 V时,电流密度为1C倍率条件下,Li4Ti4.75Cu0.25O12/SnO2复合材料首次放电比容量高达202.55 m A·h/g。经过50次循环后,容量仍保持在202.51 m A·h/g,容量保持率高达99.98%。     

Effect of magnesium on the aluminothermic reduction rate of zinc oxide obtained from spent alkaline battery anodes for the preparation of Al–Zn–Mg alloys

The aluminothermic reduction of zinc oxide (ZnO) from alkaline battery anodes using molten Al may be a good option for the elaboration of secondary 7000-series alloys. This process is affected by the initial content of Mg within molten Al, which decreases the surface tension of the molten metal and conversely increases the wettability of ZnO particles. The effect of initial Mg concentration on the aluminothermic reduction rate of ZnO was analyzed at the following values: 0.90wt%, 1.20wt%, 4.00t%, 4.25wt%, and 4.40wt%. The ZnO particles were incorporated by mechanical agitation using a graphite paddle inside a bath of molten Al maintained at a constant temperature of 1123 K and at a constant agitation speed of 250 r/min, the treatment time was 240 min and the ZnO particle size was 450-500 mesh. The results show an increase in Zn concentration in the prepared alloys up to 5.43wt% for the highest initial concentration of Mg. The reaction products obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the efficiency of the reaction was measured on the basis of the different concentrations of Mg studied.     

高能量密度LiMn2O4微球的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用控制结晶法制备的球形MnCO3前驱体与Li2CO4在高温煅烧条件下进行固相反应合成了高能量密度尖晶石型LiMn2O4微球。通过扫描电子显微镜对不同反应时间形成的球形MnCO3产物观察表明,球形MnCO3前驱体是由许多小粒子通过静电作用力组装而成的球形微米二次粒子,其形成经历了一个成核一聚结的过程。球形MnCO3前驱体经高温锂化后可以直接获得高振实密度的LiMn2O4微球（1．8g·cm^-3）,煅烧前后形貌未发生明显改变。LiMn2O4微球在常温和高温（55℃）条件下的电化学性能测试表明,在0．5C（1C=148inA·g^-1）倍率时,常温下的首次充放电比容量分别为117．3和116．0mAh·g^-1,充放电能量密度分别为480．8和462．0Wh·kg^-1,50次循环后的放电能量密度保持率为98．8％;高温下的首次充放电比容量分别为119．6和115．6mAh·g^-1,充放电能量密度分别为487．6和462．9Wh·kg^-1,50次循环后的放电能量密度保持率仍达到92．3％。     

浅议废旧电池的危害与我国回收现状

就体积和重量而言，废电池在生活垃圾中是微不足道的，但使用后不经任何处理直接弃置于自然界，将造成严重的环境污染．本文系统阐述了电池的种类、化学组成及其对环境的污染；指出了目前我国废旧电池回收率低、处置不合理和许多人对其危害重视不够的现状，并针对此种现状提出了相应的对策。     

Silicon-based nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon-based nanomaterials have been of scientific and commercial interest in lithium-ion batteries due to the low cost,low toxicity,and high specific capacity with an order of magnitude beyond that of conventional graphite.The poor capacity retention,caused by pulverization of Si during cycling,triggers researchers and engineers to explore better battery materials.This review summarizes recent work in improving Si-based anode materials via different approaches from diverse Si nanostructures,Si/metal nanocomposites,to Si/C nanocomposites,and also offers perspectives of the Si-based anode materials.     

高性能锂离子电池负极材料一氧化锰/石墨烯复合材料的合成

通过冻干-煅烧合成了一氧化锰/石墨烯(MnO/rGO)复合材料,并将其用作锂离子电池负极材料.在500 mA·g-1的电流密度下,MnO/rGO复合材料表现出高达830 mAh·g-1的可逆容量,且在充放电循环160圈后,其可逆容量依然高达805 mAh·g-1.倍率测试结果显示,循环225圈后,在2.0 A·g-1的电流密度下,其可逆容量高达412 mAh·g-1.复合材料中的石墨烯在提高材料导电性的同时有效地缓解了一氧化锰充放电过程中的体积膨胀.通过对比容量-电压的微分分析,发现复合材料超出一氧化锰理论容量的部分是由形成了更高价态的锰引起的.MnO/rGO复合材料比纯一氧化锰(p-MnO)更容易出现高价态的锰,可能是因为rGO上残留的氧为电极反应提供了额外所需的氧源.该一氧化锰/石墨烯复合材料因其简单绿色的合成过程及优异的电化学性质,有望在未来的锂电负极中得到广泛的实际应用.     

电动汽车锂离子电池荷电状态估算方法综述

电动汽车动力锂电池内部荷电状态估计是电池管理系统状态估计模块的核心,其无法通过仪器直接测量,仅能通过对电池外部电流、电压等参数进行测量并由此估计。准确的荷电状态估计对电池的寿命、容量和安全性管理至关重要。本文综述了用于电动汽车动力锂电池荷电状态估算的主要方法,根据算法差异将其分为传统的基于传感器测量的开路电压法、电流积分法和阻抗法,基于数据驱动的机器学习类算法以及基于模型的卡尔曼滤波器及粒子滤波器算法与融合类算法。深入介绍了不同估计算法的计算原理并由此分析比较了不同估计算法的计算复杂度、计算精度等特点。总结了现阶段锂离子电池荷电状态估算研究存在的问题,指出其研究趋势和未来发展方向将是更具泛化性和更高精度以及更佳实时性的多融合类估算方法。     

A review on recent progress of non-stoichiometric SiOx anodes based on lithium ion batteries

SiO_x anode has attracted more and more attention due to its rich reserves and high theoretical capacity. However,the disadvantages of low initial Coulombic efficiency and large volume change limit its application. Therefore in this review, the research progress of SiO_x anode will be summarized in detailed to demonstrate the various strategies adopted by researchers. Systematically introduction of the progress on preparation methods and modification strategies would be discu...