纳米二氧化锡的改性及锡/碳复合微球的制备

采用硅烷偶联剂对纳米二氧化锡(SnO₂)进行表面接枝改性,增加其疏水性,改善SnO₂与有机物的相容性。以改性纳米SnO₂、间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为原料,在碱性催化剂和表面活性剂作用下经溶胶-凝胶过程,制得球形SnO₂/间苯二酚/甲醛湿凝胶,经过超临界干燥和炭化处理得到锡/碳二元复合微球。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）对锡/碳复合微球的形貌和结构进行了表怔,并测试其电化学性能。形貌分析显示平均粒径为40nm的金属锡颗粒均匀分散在炭气凝胶微球中,电化学测试表明锡/碳复合微球显示了较高的储锂容量和较好的循环性能。     

环氧树脂作还原剂制备Li3V2(PO4)3的结构和性能

采用高温固相法,以环氧树脂为还原剂合成锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3.通过X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜对样品的晶体结构和微观形貌进行表征,并用恒电流充放电和循环伏安实验研究材料的电化学性能.结果表明所制备的Li3V2(PO4)3为结晶完善的单斜结构,颗粒分布均匀且粒径较小,0.2C时在3.0V~4.3V电压范围的首次放电比容量为126.9mAh/g,30次循环后的比容量为126.0mAh/g,容量保持率达到99.29%.     

废旧NCM523型锂离子电池正极材料中镍和钴的回收

废旧NCM523型锂离子电池正极材料中含有价金属元素Ni和Co等,必须对其进行回收.用H2 SO4和H2 O2浸出正极活性物质中的Ni和Co,再用KMnO4除去浸出液中的Mn,最后用"水热煅烧法"制NiCoO2材料.分析了各因素对金属浸出率的影响,在H2 SO4浓度2.5 mol/L、H2 O2体积分数10％、浸出温度80℃、浸出时间80 min和固液比1:14 g/mL的条件下,Ni、Co、Mn的浸出率分别为94.03％、99.56％、14.97％,通过Ni、Co的选择性浸出实现Ni、Co与Mn的初步分离;以KMnO4作为氧化剂,浸出液中Mn离子的浓度可降至0.45 mmol/L以下;以聚乙二醇2000作表面活性剂,草酸作沉淀剂,在160℃水热合成、400℃煅烧后可从浸出净化液中制备出形貌均匀的链状NiCoO2材料.初步实现了废旧电池正极材料中有价金属Ni和Co的回收利用.     

离子迁移动力学的计算材料学研究方法概述及其在锂离子电池材料中的应用

锂离子的迁移及扩散动力学行为是影响锂离子电池倍率性能的最重要的因素之一.计算材料学的发展为模拟锂离子在电池材料中的迁移及扩散提供了各种不同的计算方法,包括蒙特卡罗模拟、分子动力学模拟、绝热轨道方法和弹性能带方法等.讨论了这些方法的特点、适用范围、计算结果的精度和可靠性,并就这些方法在研究锂离子电池材料离子输运行为上的应用实例进行综述.     

RGO-InVO4纳米复合材料的制备及作为锂离子电池负极材料的应用

采用改进的Hummers法合成了氧化石墨(GO),再通过水热法合成了还原氧化石墨(RGO)-InVO4纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)等手段对样品的组成和形貌进行了表征.分别考察了RGO-InVO4和InVO4作为锂离子电池负极材料在不同电流密度下的充放电和循环稳定性能.结果表明:RGO-InVO4电极的首次放电和充电比容量分别为1 047.5和599 mAh·g-1,而InVO4电极的首次放电和充电比容量分别为994.2和482 mAh·g-1;在不同电流密度下经过50次循环后,RGO-InVO4的放电和充电比容量分别为472.4和456.7 mAh·g-1,而InVO4的放电和充电比容量则分别为138.4和132.9 mAh·g-1.可见,RGO的引入能极大地改善InVO4的电化学性能,尤其是循环稳定性.     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.8Al0.2−xTixO2 cathode materials by an ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method

A new co-precipitation route was proposed to synthesize LiNi_0.8Al_0.2−xTi_xO₂ (x=0.0-0.20) cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, with Ni(NO₃)₂, Al(NO₃)₃, LiOH·H₂O, and TiO₂ as the starting materials. Ultrasonic vibration was used during preparing the precursors, and the precursors were protected by absolute ethanol before calcination in the air. The influences of doped-Ti content, calcination temperature and time, additional Li content, and ultrasonic vibration on the structure and properties of LiNi_0.8Al_0.2−xTi_xO₂ were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and charge-discharge tests, respectively. The results show that the optimal molar fraction of Ti, calcination temperature and time, and additional molar fraction of Li for LiNi_0.8Al_0.2−xTi_xO₂ cathode materials are 0.1, 700°C, 20 h, and 0.05, respectively. Ti doping facilitates the formation of the α-NaFeO₂ layered structure, and ultrasonic vibration improves the electrochemical performance of LiNi_0.8Al_0.2−xTi_xO₂.     

纯电动汽车整车动力电池组的匹配

为了解决纯电动汽车整车动力电池组的匹配问题,本文通过分析纯电动车整车动力系统的结构特点,对动力电池组进行充放电特性试验,在此基础上提出了采用等速法和续驶里程的设计目标值反向计算电池容量的动力电池组匹配原则. 整车动力系统仿真实验结果表明,0~40km/h的加速时间为15.6s,最高车速为80.5km/h,最大爬坡度为24.9%,续驶里程为230.5km,满足设计目标,从而验证了该方法的正确性和可行性.     

Influence of Cr3+ concentration on the electrochemical behavior of the anolyte for vanadium redox flow batteries

The composition of electrolyte affects to a great extent the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRB).The effects of Cr3+ concentration in the anolyte on the electrode process of V(V)/V(IV) couple have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).It was found that Cr3+ causes no side reactions,but affects the electrochemical performance of V(V)/V(IV) redox reaction,including the reaction activity,the reversibility of electrode reaction,the diffusivity of vanadium ions,the interface film impedance,and the electrode reaction impedance.The experimental results show that Cr3+ within a certain concentration range can improve the reversibility of electrode reaction and the diffusion of vanadium ions.With the Cr3+ concentration increasing from 0 to 0.30 g L-1,the reversibility of V(V)/V(IV) reaction increases,while the diffusion resistance decreases.Correspondingly,the diffusion coefficient of vanadium ions increases from(5.48-6.77) × 10-7 to(6.82-8.44) × 10-7 cm2 s-1,an increase of ～24%.However,the diffusion resistance increases and the diffusion coefficient decreases when Cr3+ concentration is over 0.30 g L-1,while the impedances of the interface,the film as well as the charge transfer increase continuously.As a result,Cr3+ with a certain concentration improves the diffusion and mass transfer process,but the resistances of the film,the interface,and the charge transfer rise.Furthermore,Cr3+ concentration of no more than 0.10 g L-1 has few effect on the electrode reaction process,and that of no more than 0.30 g L-1 is favorable to the diffusion of vanadium ions.     

介孔α-Fe2O3的制备及电化学性能研究

采用水热法合成介孔SiO2(KIT-6),以此为模板合成介孔α-Fe2O3并对其电化学性能进行研究.利用X射线衍射(XRD),高倍透射电镜(HRTEM),恒流充放电测试等方法对所制备的介孔α-Fe2O3的结构﹑形貌进行了分析表征及电化学性能测试.实验结果表明,用KIT-6为模板可以很好的控制α-Fe2O3的孔径尺寸大小,用模板法合成的α-Fe2O3孔径越小,锂离子嵌入的越少,第一个放电平台越短.     

Ni替代对钙钛矿氧化物LaNiyFe1-yO3-δ电化学性能的影响

利用溶胶凝-胶法制备了LaNiyFe1-yO3-δ(y=0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9)系列储氢氧化物,采用FTIR、XRD对结构进行了表征,并对其不同温度下的电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:常压298 K时,随着Ni含量的增加,电极的最大放电容量先增大后减小,其中LaNi0.2Fe0.8O3-δ效果最佳,其最大放电容量为128 mA·h/g,比未替代的LaFeO3提高了20 mA·h/g;经过30次充放电循环后的最大容量衰减率为14.84%,比LaFeO3下降了2.29%;温度升高,放电容量显著增大,333 K时达到最大值395.5 mA·h/g;与此同时,容量衰减率有所增加,但LaNi0.2Fe0.8O3-δ的衰减率明显低于同温度下的LaFeO3。