海带对罗源湾养殖区海水的生物修复研究

研究了罗源湾海带栽培期间3-5月的水质状况,以及室内海带个体对养殖废水的净化作用.结果表明:大面积海带栽培可改善罗源湾的水质状况,降低无机氮磷含量.3-5月海带栽培区的总无机氮(DIN)的降低率分别达到25.48％、19.62％、44.65％,总无机磷(DIP)的降低率分别为20.17％、32.00％、38.72％.在7d实验期间,海带个体对养殖废水的净化效果明显,DIN的去除率可达98％以上.海带在养殖废水中能正常生长,保持一定的日增长率,鲜质量及叶片长有所增加.     

Effects of fragmentation on genetic variation in populations of the terrestrial earthworm Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta,Moniligastridae) in Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas,China

Earthworms are excellent indicators of landscape fragmentation due to their widespread distribution and poor dispersal abilities over water. Based on field studies conducted in the Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas and their associated islands during summer 2009, we analysed the genetic variation of Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae) using DNA sequences of the 16S and 28S ribosomal genes in samples obtained from 13 localities, 12 of which were islands, one artificially connected to the mainland by man (Yangma SC). We identified 55 haplotypes among 79 samples, based on 1094 bp, including 47 unique haplotypes. The phylogenetic tree topologies showed two distinct clades. A multiple-apex Poisson distribution using a mismatch analysis of nucleotides was also detected. Results of a Tajima D neutral test were not significant (p > 0.05). Genetic divergence among populations was much larger than within populations. A positive relationship between genetic diversity and island area was revealed, but no significant correlation between genetic diversity and distance to the nearest larger landmass was found. These results indicate that the intraspecific genetic diversity of D. japonica has been influenced by geographic isolation (i.e. island habitat). Passive transport via anthropogenic activities or nonhuman vertebrates (birds or mammals) may also play a key role in dispersal.     

日本林蛙的器官发育：呼吸,循环,尿殖系统和感觉器官的发育

通过对日本林蛙早期胚胎发育的观察和出膜至变态蝌蚪、幼蛙及成体的系统解剖,对呼吸,循环、泌尿、生殖系统和感觉器官的发生,发展与变化过程进行了描述和讨论.     

内蒙古孩儿参属的研究

本文确认了内蒙古境内分布的6种孩儿参属Psendostelaria Pax植物,比1978年出版的《内蒙古植物志》第二卷增加了4种,其中P.japonica(Korsh.)Pax、P.rupetris(Turcz.)Pax、P.maximowicziana(Franch.et Sav.)Pax为內蒙古分布新记录种,而P.helanshanensis W.Z.Di et Y.Ren为新种收载种。本文否定了新种P.termnialis W.Z.Di et Y.Ren它应为P.ropestris(Turez.)Pax的新异名。     

4种变温动物松果腺复合体的形态结构比较

本文采用光镜和透射电镜，对日本七鳃鳗，黑斑蛙和丽斑麻蜥４种变动物的松果腺复合体，进行了观察和比较，并对其结构与功能的关系作了初步探讨，变温动物的松果腺复合体，由副松果体和松果体构成，在系统发育中，副松果体始终是光感受器，松果体则从光感觉器向着内分泌腺发展，从这４种动物松果腺复合体的变化揭示；最早脊椎动物的松果眼是２个，以后在动物从低等向高等进化中，其中一个保留在变温动物，始终是光感觉器，另一个变成     

Transformation of japonica rice with RHL gene and salt tolerance of the transgenic rice plant

Overexpression of the yeast HAL2 gene increases salt tolerance of yeast and plant. Rice HAL2-like (RHL) gene was introduced into a japonica rice cultivar HJ19 with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants in R0 generation were selected on the principle of GUS-positive, RHL gene PCR-positive and normal growth. Hygromycin-resistant plants of some transgenic lines in R1 generation increased salt tolerance during the seedling and booting stage, being less damaged in the cytomembrane and stronger in leaf tissue viability under salt stress during booting period. Southern analysis of transgenic lines tolerant to salt in R1 generation showed that the RHL gene expression cassette had been successfully integrated into rice genome. Moreover, gene engineering breeding methodology and really salt-tolerant rice cultivar were discussed.     

中华绒螯蟹卵巢新基因EJO6的全长cDNA克隆和序列分析

利用RACE技术从中华绒螫蟹卵巢获得了新基因EJO6(Eriocheir japonica ovary gene 6,EJO6)的全长cDNA序列(GenBarnk 检索号：AYl85922)。该cDNA序列长度为1250bp,开放阅读框为690bp,编码229个氨基酸。根据氨基酸序列计算的相对分子质量和等电点分别为24270和11．9。同时用生物信息学的方法对该基因的结构和功能进行了初步分析。     

涡虫在异物穿插状态下脱逃的实验观察

用昆虫针在涡虫对称线上的咽前部、咽和咽后部垂直刺穿后收针,术后12h针伤愈合;在刺穿的针孔处穿插头发,术后1—74h涡虫以身体一侧横裂的方式脱逃,脱逃位置在身体两侧的机会均等.涡虫去头后于咽部穿插头发,脱逃的时间、方式与有头涡虫无明显区别.     

青岛沿海岛屿生物多样性研究(Ⅱ)山茶(Camellia japonica)种群分布格局

应用泊松分布、负二项分布和奈曼分布三种理论分布模型，对取自长门岩岛的山茶种群的样方资料进行了分布格局的研究．结果表明，该种群的实际频数符合负二项分布，因此判定种群的分布格局为聚集分布．通过对种群的聚集强度指数的计算，求得各参数分别为二项参数（Ｋ）０．６２９１，扩散系数（Ｃ）１７．７３７２，丛生指标（Ｉ）１６．７３７２，Ｃａｓｉｅ指标（１／Ｋ）１．５８９６，聚块性指标为（ｍ／ｍ）２．５８９６，均表明为强聚集分布．     

喜旱莲子草与乌蔹莓等植物提取物对松材线虫的毒杀活性研究

【目的】松材线虫病是当前我国林业生产上危害最严重的森林病害。尽管投入了大量的人力、物力和财力,但松材线虫病防控形势依然严峻。化学杀线剂具有环境局限性,研发高效植物源杀灭松材线虫的药剂对控制松材线虫病疫情,同时降低环境化学污染具有重要意义。【方法】采用乙醇浸渍提取法制备喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、乌蔹莓(Cayratia japonica)、迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)等30种植物的提取物,测定其对松材线虫的毒杀活性。利用液液萃取法,用乙醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水等有机溶剂对两种植物中的活性成分进行分步提取,得到药液的质量浓度梯度为10.000、5.000、2.500、1.250和0.625 g/L,并分别测定其对松材线虫的毒杀活性。虫卵悬浮液在25 ℃恒温保湿培养箱内培养,24 h后开始观察,32 h后结束观察。通过镜检统计线虫卵数,并计算相应的线虫卵累计孵化率和孵化抑制率。【结果】采用质量浓度为10 g/L的喜旱莲子草、乌蔹莓乙醇提取物分别处理松材线虫,72 h后线虫校正死亡率均为 100%。喜旱莲子草的乙酸乙酯萃取物和乌蔹莓的水层萃取物中存在主要的杀线活性物质,两种植物萃取物处理松材线虫72 h后的半致死剂量(LC₅₀)分别为0.588 8和0.969 3 g/L。在离体虫卵孵化试验中,喜旱莲子草的乙酸乙酯萃取物对线虫的卵孵化抑制率最大,为79.77%,其次为乌蔹莓的水层萃取物,为46.51%。【结论】可见,喜旱莲子草和乌蔹莓对松材线虫成虫和虫卵均具有较强的生物毒杀活性,可作为新型植物杀线虫剂加以开发利用。