Microbial degradation of bitumen

Summary A blown bitumen Mexphalte R 90/40 with a high content of saturated hydrocarbons was degraded by several microorganisms to the same extent. In batch cultures ofSaccharomycopsis lipolytica, maximal biodegradation was estimated to be about 9% w/w, 3.2·10^–3 g/cm² and 3.1·10^–3 cm of degraded bitumen. The Mexphalte R 90/40 degradation rate was closely coupled to biofilm formation. The microbial activity concerned predominantly the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. A direct distillation bitumen 80/100 with a low content of saturated hydrocarbons and a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and resins was more resistant to biodegradation.     

乙酸乙酯分离竹子中木质素制浆造纸研究

用乙酸乙酯浸提竹子制取纸浆，并用造纸行业相关国家标准对纸浆进行了分析。探讨了乙酸乙酯浓度、反应温度、反应时间、原料与溶剂的固液比对纸浆质量的影响。实验结果表明：当乙酸乙酯浓度为60％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间2h、原料-溶剂比为1：6时，制得的纸浆中残余木素含量相对较低、纸浆得率较高。     

两性木素絮凝剂用于污泥的调质处理

以木素为原料制备了两性絮凝剂LSDC，并将其用于污泥的调质处理。实验结果表明LSDC可使污泥沉降速度提高至原始污泥的1．25倍，污泥的过滤比阻则降低至原始污泥的40％左右，泥饼含水率由93％降低至80％。两性木素絮凝剂在污泥调质处理中的应用为木素的高附加值利用提供了新的途径。     

基于特征的双螺杆磨浆机构参数化设计

给出了特征的定义、参数化技术的定义，以及基于特征的参数化设计的定义，并建立了双螺杆磨浆机构的参数化模型，最后运用Pro／TOOLKIT和VC＋＋实现了双螺杆磨浆机构的参数化设计。     

细菌降解氰的研究

通过驯化富集培养，从煤气厂曝气池活性污泥中分离出一株能降解氰的菌株，经鉴定为芽孢杆菌属。该菌对氰有较高忍受能力，降解氰的最适条件为：充分曝气供氧；温度为３５℃，ＰＨ＝９．０；在条件下，培养液中氰的浓度为１０．８９ｍｇ／Ｌ时，摇床振荡培养３５小时，氰的降争率可达６１．９％。     

材料的微生物腐蚀破坏机制研究进展

一般地，各类微生物如细菌，藻类，真菌和地衣都能够通过其代谢的中间和最终产物的排泄或酶的途径来侵蚀破坏材料，由微生物引起的材料腐蚀破坏机制十分复杂，形式多样，综合评述了国外在这一领域的一些研究进展。     

山东新泰盘车沟剖面寒武系硅质层成因

利用野外地质资料和室内分析资料，从成因类型和形成机理方面对盘车沟寒武系剖面中硅质层进行了研究。结果表明，镘头组下部的硅质层是同生期生物化学作用成因的，形成于潮下低能浅水环境；中、下寒武统与泥质共生的硅质层是成岩期呈分散状的硅质沉积物溶解、聚集、交代成因的。在硅质形成过程中，粘土矿物对ＳｉＯ２胶体质点起着吸附和提供部分氧化硅的作用。张夏组顶部硅质层是经过白云岩化作用之后交代成因的。     

BIOCHEMICAL PULPING OF REED PRETREATED BY WHITE ROT FUNGI

INTRODUCTIONThe origin of biological pulping is natural degradation of lignin by microorganism, such as white rot fungi. Many researches have been carried out, on the biological degradation of the lignin in raw materials, mostly on woods. Those researches were mainly focused on microorganism pretreatment as a prior proceeding of the mechanical pulping, for the rare possibility of pulping directly with the pretreatment by a microorganism. A series of reports showed that microorganism pretr…     

RESEARCH ON REUSE OF PAPERMAKING LIGNIN-CONVERSION OF LIGNIN TO BTX BY CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS IN A POWDER PARTICLE FLUIDIZED BED

INTRODUCTIONPlant consists essentially of three main polymers:lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which are themost abundant and renewable hydrocarbon resourceson the earth. The annual yield of rice straw, wheatstraw, bagasse, reed, and bamboo in our country hasexceeded 1 billion tons. 30% of the yield of ricestraw and wheat straw are used for papermaking, which occupy 70-80% of the raw material. However, it is the difficulty in papermaking waste liquid treatment as well as the lack of c…     

机械制浆过程磨机负荷内模PI控制

针对双盘磨机在运行过程中具有大滞后、大惯性及非线性等特点,内模控制作为一种先进控制策略,鉴于其对过程模型精度要求不高等优点,提出了一种基于内模控制原理的PI控制方法,该方法设计的控制器仅有一个可调参数,且通过最大灵敏度指标实现其整定,有效避免了控制器整定的复杂性与随机性.仿真结果表明,与常规PID控制相比,所提方法可有效减小模型参数变化及各种干扰对系统性能的影响,满足机械制浆生产过程对控制器性能的要求,保证磨机安全稳定运行,实现了磨机负荷的稳定化控制,为机械制浆过程综合自动化系统的实施奠定基础.