生物除磷工艺的探讨

结合大庆市东城区污水处理厂运行实践 ,探讨A/O法除磷工艺的机理、主要除磷菌种及影响除磷效果各参数的控制方法     

Trail-following responses ofLeptogenys diminuta to stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol

Behavioral tests carried out with the four stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol revealed thatLeptogenys diminuta ants respond specifically only to the (3R, 4S)-isomer.     

氯甲苯在HZSM-5沸石催化剂上异构化反应动力学与机理的研究 Ⅱ.氯甲苯异构化反应机理与动力学方程

本工作探讨了题示反应过程中的基团迁移机制,提出了适宜的反应机理.指出该反应模式为:邻氯甲苯(?)间氯甲苯(?)对氯甲苯.甲基在苯环上进行分子内的1,2-迁移,并建立了氯甲苯常压异构化反应动力学方程.     

文蛤(Meretrix Meretrix)凝集素(MML)的初步研究——Ⅰ.MML在文蛤体内的分布及纯化

在文蛤(Meretrix Meretrix)体内具有血球凝集活性的凝集素(简称MML),经实验证实仅分布于文蛤外套腔液中。向外套腔液中加入固体硫酸铵达40％时,可使99％的MML沉淀。用不同饱和度的硫酸铵溶液依次对上述沉淀进行抽提,得到MML粗制品溶液,其比活比原始外套腔液提高了约9.95倍,总活力回收达48％。最后用自制的人血浆糖蛋白一Sepharose 4 B亲合层析柱可将上述MML粗制品的比活再提高400多倍。结果与原始外套腔液比较,MML终产品的比活总共提高了4313倍,总活力回收达44.8％,在电泳鉴定时显示出单一的区带。     

二甲基二偶氮苯酚氧基硅烷的合成及光谱研究

本文报道了三种新的含硅偶氮化合物的合成,用IR,HNMR,MS及元素分析等对它们的结构进行了表征.在研究它们与有机光导电物质聚(N-乙烯基)咔唑氯仿溶液的UV光谱时,发现它们能形成CT复合物,并使感光范围扩展到可见光和近红外光波段.实验结果对研究新的光导电材料具有一定的参考价值.     

西松烯内酯的合成研究——Ⅱ.中间体苏式-7-羟基-3,9,13-三甲基-6-异丙烯基-(2E,8E,12)-十四碳三烯苯硫醚的合成

以香叶醇为原料经过4步反应得到8-溴-3,7-二甲基-(2E,6E)-辛二烯基苯硫醚(7),(7)与(?)牛儿醛在Cr(Ⅱ)作用下立体选择地得到苏式-7-羟基-3,9,13-三甲基-6-异丙烯基-(2E,8E,12)-十四碳三烯苯硫醚.     

1.4-丁炔二醇在汞电极上的吸附特性

用半经验的自洽场分子轨道法(CNDO/2)与电毛细曲线、微分电容曲线研究了1.4丁炔二醇在汞电极上的吸附特性.分子中原子的电荷分布表明它以平卧方式吸附于电极表面,有顺式与反式两种构型物同时存在于吸附层中,吸附本质上是一种物理吸附作用,其吸附服从Frumkin吸附等温式,吸附自由能与吸附分子间作用系数皆同电位有二次函数关系.     

Dexamethasone enhances CTLA-4 expression during T cell activation

T cell activation is enhanced by the costimulatory interaction of B7 on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 on T cells, resulting in long-term T cell proliferation, differentiation and production of large amounts of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2. CTLA-4 is a co-stimulation receptor that shares 31% homology with CD28 and binds B7 family members with higher affinity. CTLA-4 is transiently expressed intracellularly and on the cell surface following activation of T cells. We have studied the kinetics of CTLA-4 expression and the effects of dexamethasone on CTLA-4 expression during T cell activation in cultures of mouse spleen cells stimulated by a mixture of immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3/CD28 mAb) or concanavalin A (ConA). CTLA-4 expression peaked on day 2 and returned to background levels after 7 days. Dexamethasone was found to potentiate CTLA-4 expression in a dose-dependent manner with an EC₅₀ effective concentration 50%) of about 10⁻⁸ M. In contrast, other immunosuppressive agents, such as rapamycin or cyclosporin A had no or an inhibitory effect on CTLA-4 expression, respectively. Dexamethasone also stimulated CD28 expression, but inhibited IL-2R expression during anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced mouse splenic T cell activation. Western blot analyses of lysates of activated mouse T cells showed that dexamethasone increased CTLA-4 protein levels twofold during anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced activation. Dexamethasone also enhanced CTLA-4 messenger RNA twofold as quantified by ribonuclease protection assay. The effects of dexamethasone on CTLA-4 expression were glucocorticoid-specific and completely inhibited by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU486), indicating that the effect of dexamethasone on CTLA-4 expression is mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor. In conclusion, the immunosuppressive agent dexamethasone actually stimulates CTLA-4 expression, which is involved in downregulation of T cell activation. Received 19 May 1999; received after revision 13 July 1999; accepted 13 July 1999     

PdCu／ZSM－5催化剂上乙醇一步合成乙酸乙酯反应机理的研究

本文采用程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）法、程序升温表面反应（ＴＰＳＲ）法和微反－色谱技术。综合考察了在ＰｄＣｕ／ＺＳＭ－５催化剂上，乙醇、乙醛、乙酸、氧等的吸附、脱附性能，以及不同条件下反应产物的分布规律，推测出乙醇在该催化剂上气相催化一步合成乙酸乙酯过程中的复杂网络图及反应机理，为改善此催化剂性能和进行动力学研究提供了重要信息和依据．