Development of Triticum aestivum-Leymus racemosus ditelosomic substitution line 7Lr#1S(7A) with resistance to wheat scab and its meiotic behavior analysis

Leymus racemosus is highly resistant to wheat scab (Fusarum head bright). The transfer of scab resistant gene from L. racemosus to Triticum aestivum is of great significance for broadening the base of wheat resistance. In the present study, the pollen of T. aestivum-L. racemosus monosomic addition line with scab resistance was treated by irradiation with 1200 R 60Co-γ-rays prior to pollinating to emasculated wheat cv. Mianyang 85-45. Nine plants with a telocentric chromosome 7Lr#1S were observed in M1, and one ditelosomic substitution line 7Lr#1S was selected from selfcrossing progenies and confirmed by chromosome C-banding and GISH. Furthermore, a co-dominant EST-SSR marker CINAU 31 was employed to identify this substitution line. A pair of chromosome 7A of common wheat were found to be replaced by a pair of telocentric chromosome 7Lr#1S, and further investigation showed that chromosome configuration of the substitution line at MI of PMCs after GISH was 17.50○II W 2.19 IIW 0.42II7Lr#1S 1.08 I7Lr#1S 0.69 IW. Two telocentric chromosomes paired as a bivalent in 59.7% of PMCs. Abnormal chromosome behaviors of telocentric chromosomes were observed in part of PMCs at anaphase I and telophase I, including the moving of two telocentric chromosomes to the same pole, lagging and earlier separation of their sister chromatid. All these abnormal behaviors can be grouped into three distinct types of tetrads according to different numbers of 7Lr#1S in their daughter cells and various micronucleus in some tetrads. However, due to the high transmission frequency of the female and male gametes with a 7Lr#1S, 84% of the selfcrossing progeny plants had ditelosomic substitution. The substitution line showed high resistance to wheat scab in a successive two-year test both in the greenhouse and field; hence, the line will be particularly valuable for alien gene mapping, small fragment translocation induction and telosomic cytological behavior analysis.     

Edaphic factors determining variation of two ecotypes of Leymus chinensis in North China

To identify ecotypic variation of L. chinensis, the physiological characteristics and environmental factors were measured and assessed for grey-green and yellow-green ecotypes of L. chinensis grown in the salt-alkalized and aeolian sandy soils. Although both ecotypes presented a similar salt-alkaline tolerance under the experimental conditions, they differed in several aspects. The L. chinensis grown in the aeolian sandy soils had higher water potential and chlorophyll content and lower proline content in their leaves than those grown in the salt-alkalized habitat, and the grey-green ecotype of L. chinensis in both types of soils had higher water potential, chlorophyll and proline contents than the yellow-green ecotype. Besides, grey-green ecotypes had higher salt-alkaline tolerance than the yellow-green ecotype. The stepwise regression analysis showed that soil conductance and pH value were the main ecological factors affecting the physiology of L. chinensis. From the natural distribution of the two ecotypes, we considered that salt-alkaline in the soils is the leading factor in determining ecotypic variation of L. chinensis. The two ecotypes were first named grey-green and yellow-green ecotypes respectively.     

南方红豆杉蒸腾强度与生态因子的关系

采用“三次称重法”测定南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var．mairei(Lemee et level)Cheng et L K Fu)换叶期蒸腾强度日变化、月变化,同步定点定位测定生态因子的变化,运用一元线性回归、多元回归分析蒸腾强度与生态因子的关系。结果表明：蒸腾强度日进程呈现早晚低、中午高的曲线,3月与4月为双峰,5月为单峰,即从3月到5月经历由轻蒸腾午休型到非蒸腾午休型的转变;蒸腾作用受生态因子的综合影响,与光照强度和气温显著正相关,与相对湿度显著负相关,其中光照强度影响最大,其次是气温和湿度;不同月份的蒸腾强度差异达到显著水平,引起这种差异的主导生态因子是气温。     

Comparative growth and viability of hybrids between two populations of Chinese shrimp （Fennropenaeus chinensis）

The total yield of shrimp farming industry declined after WSSV broke out. It was only at the last 20 years that production had again begun to increase[1]. So far, shrimp farming industries mostly depend on capturing wild shrimps or wild post-larvae to sto…     

Characteristics of 137Cs deposition in steppe area

Soil wind erosion in the semiarid steppe area was studied using the 137Cs tracing technique. Comparisons of 137Cs deposition characteristics between different soil profiles indicated that slight aeolian activities occurred on sandy grasslands and semi-fixed dunes with erosion/deposition rates of less than 0.108 cm/a, whereas they were intense on semi-shifting dunes with erosion/deposition rates of higher than 1.35 cm/a.     

中国水仙（Narcissus tazetta Var.chinensis）基因转化受体系统的建立

通过水仙组织培养已建立起2类基因转化受体系统,一类是适合于基因枪转化的愈伤组织再生系统,另一类是适合于农杆菌介导转化的外植体直接诱导生长系统,愈伤组织的诱导形成以培养基MS＋0．1－0．3mg/L2,4-D 0.2-0.5mg/LNAA为宜,外植体在培养基MS＋4mg/L KT 0.1mg/L NAA中直接诱导生长,可获得较高的成苗率。     

悬浮培养红豆杉细胞团区域化与营养生理的关系

通过对悬浮培养的南方红豆杉（Ｔaxus chinensis var.Mairei)细胞团切片及胞内淀粉颗粒染色等形态学上的系统观察,发现细胞团从里向外呈现不同层次,淀粉颗粒主要分布在细胞外层。对胞内淀粉、可溶性蛋白、细胞生物量和紫杉醇产量进行动态测定,表明细胞干重与胞内淀 粉和蛋白量呈正相关,从对淀粉代谢情况看,可以初步认为细胞团不同层次细胞周围营养物质的浓度梯度是细胞形态与功能分化的重要原因。     

盐肤木和红麸杨人工幼龄林生物量的研究

采用平均标准木法对五倍子蚜虫夏寄主主要树种盐肤木和红麸杨人工幼龄林的生物量及其分配进行了测定和研究. 根据 22 株不同径级标准木的实测数据,建立了测算盐肤木和红麸杨 2树种各器官生物量的回归方程( w = aD^b, w= a( D²H)^b) . 各方程的相关系数均达极显著水平( r 值在0.970 0~ 0.998 2 之间) , 估测精度和置信度高( 标准回归误差在0.019 5~ 0.051 3 之间) ,具有实用价值.研究结果表明, 3 年龄的倍蚜虫夏寄主林现存总生物量可达 1 540. 6 g/ m², 其中, 乔木层和林下植物的生物量以及凋落物量分别为 1 291. 0 g/ m², 157. 0 g/ m², 92. 6 g/ m².两种夏寄主树的生物量在各器官中的分配比率依次是主茎( 50.7%) > 叶片( 20.9%) > 根系( 14.9%) > 枝条( 13.5%) .     

南方红豆杉9种无机元素的含量测定分析

用原子吸收分光光度计测定了南工豆杉嫩枝、针叶、树皮中Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｎａ、Ｃｒ９种无机元素的含量,发现其Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ含量较高,且树皮中富含Ｋ、Ｆｅ、Ｎａ。     

基于捕食-被捕食理论的“以虫治虫”模型研究

建立了一类被捕食者具有幼虫阶段的率依赖捕食-被捕食模型,通过对其平衡点稳定性的研究,得到其平衡点稳定的条件,为以虫治虫策略提供理论参考.并通过与无捕食模型稳态解进行比较,论证了"以虫治虫"策略的合理性.