紫罗兰酮研究（Ⅳ）－Lewis酸催化合成紫罗兰酮

本文研究了以Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸ＬＡ９１为催化剂，用自制的假性紫罗兰酮为起始合成紫罗兰酮的方法，考察了反应温度、物料配比及其他相关因素的交叉影响，确立了优化条件。该工艺反应时间较经典硫酸催化法的４ｈｒ左右缩短１ｈｒ，紫罗兰酮收率由经典方法的７０％左右提高到９０．５％。     

高区域选择性合成α-亚甲基-β-硫代酯类化合物(英文)

本文报道了一种新颖的路易斯碱催化Morita-Baylis-Hillman碳酸酯和硫代醋酸酯的酯交换-硫代烯丙基烷基化串联反应.该反应具有很高的区域选择性(大于95∶5),能够高产率(最高98%)生成多种α-亚甲基-β-含硫酯类化合物.通过这一策略,可以有效避免Morita-Baylis-Hillman碳酸酯类化合物与硫酚类化合物的直接共轭加成-消除串联反应.值得一提的是,这一反应可以使用生物碱(DHQD)2AQN作为手性路易斯碱催化剂,产物具有良好的对映体选择性(ee=80%),该结果体现了这一新型串联反应的发展潜力与应用前景.     

路易斯酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯的研究

研究了用马来酸酐和甲醇作原料 ,以一种路易斯酸作主催化剂合成富马酸二甲酯的新方法 ,讨论了催化酯化的各种影响因素 .该方法具有操作简单 ,反应时间短 ,生产成本低 ,产品纯度高等优点 .     

刘易斯可能世界实在论阐释及其误区

刘易斯的可能世界实在论阐释是传统哲学本体论追求与现代逻辑分析技术相结合的特殊产物,是唯名论时代的理性实在论。刘易斯在模态逻辑与哲学本体论之间架起一道桥梁,却放弃了我们现实世界的优先性和绝对性这样一个现代认识论的基本前提和基础,使人类的认识变成一件不可能的事情,也使刘易斯在后现代语境中自觉或不自觉地走进神目观的误区。     

钯-路易斯酸体系催化苯酚选择性加氢生成环己酮

环己酮是一个重要的合成尼龙等材料的中间体,可通过苯酚加氢反应制备,但该反应过程的效率受到环己酮进一步加氢生成副产物环己醇的制约。本项研究表明,普通的商业负载型钯催化剂(负载在碳、氧化铝或NaY沸石上)和路易斯酸(如AlCl3)可协同促进苯酚加氢生成环己酮的反应。在适当条件下,苯酚转化率和环己酮选择性可同时接近100%。路易斯酸不仅促进苯酚加氢生成环己酮的反应,而且可有效地抑制产物环己酮被进一步加氢生成副产物的反应。在超临界CO2中反应效率还可大幅度提高。     

微波促进下芳香醛与环缩酮的反应的研究

用Lewis酸催化芳香醛与环缩酮进行反应，合成得到了7种环烷酮类化合物。与常规条件下的反应进行比较，结果表明在微波辐射下反应速度快，条件温和，不需要溶剂，得到的产品产率达80％。并对合成所得的7种化合物的结构通过IR和^1HNMR谱进行了表征。     

寡糖Lewis A模拟肽对小鼠急性腹膜炎的抑制作用

选择寡糖Lewis A模拟肽作为特异阻断剂, 探讨通过阻断E-选择素与其配体的结合抑制炎症的可能性. 向一组小鼠腹膜内注射酵母聚糖3 h后, 再于静脉注射表达寡糖Lewis A模拟肽IELLQAR的噬菌体或合成肽IELLQAR, 以空噬菌体或BSA作对照, 观察到实验组腹腔冲洗液中的嗜中性粒细胞显著减少. 为证实该结果, 髓过氧化物酶活性被测定, 酶活性的降低同嗜中性粒细胞的减少平行, 表明注射寡糖Lewis A模拟肽可能通过阻断E-选择素与其配体结合, 防止急性炎症的发生.     

The double transfer of thermodynamics: From physics to chemistry and from Europe to America

The aim of this study is twofold: to explore, first, the influence of the intellectual and social conditions on the transfer of thermodynamics to chemistry and thereby the making of chemical thermodynamics, and second, the way that this knowledge was transferred from Europe to America. Consequently, it is of interest to examine the methodological approaches used by physicists and chemists to transfer thermodynamics to chemistry, to evaluate the potential of this science to offer solutions to existing chemical problems, and to discuss the attitude of the scientific community towards these new ideas. The development of chemical thermodynamics in America followed a different route compared to the European experience. Although it was transferred from Europe, it had distinctive characteristics imposed by a different traditional, intellectual and social milieu. This study focuses on the content of the transferred knowledge to America and the direction that this knowledge assumed by the American scientists. As a paradigm, the chemical thermodynamics of Gilbert Newton Lewis will be considered.     

邻炔基苯基环丁酮类化合物的高效合成及其开环-环化反应

以常见易得且稳定的催化剂及膦配体为催化体系, 进一步系统优化钯催化的无铜Sonogashira偶联制备β-(2-乙炔基苯基)环丁酮类化合物的反应体系, 高产率得到一系列含有不同官能团的β-(2-乙炔基苯基)环丁酮类化合物, 并进一步实现铜催化下该类化合物的开环-复分解反应.     

The epistemology of hedged laws

Standard objections to the notion of a hedged, or ceteris paribus, law of nature usually boil down to the claim that such laws would be either (1) irredeemably vague, (2) untestable, (3) vacuous, (4) false, or a combination thereof. Using epidemiological studies in nutrition science as an example, I show that this is not true of the hedged law-like generalizations derived from data models used to interpret large and varied sets of empirical observations. Although it may be ‘in principle impossible’ to construct models that explicitly identify all potential causal interferers with the relevant generalization, the view that our failure to do so is fatal to the very notion of a cp-law is plausible only if one illicitly infers metaphysical impossibility from epistemic impossibility. I close with the suggestion that a model-theoretic approach to cp-laws poses a problem for recent attempts to formulate a Mill–Ramsey–Lewis theory of cp-laws.