刘易斯因子及其对板式蒸发冷却器性能的影响

对热湿交换过程进行质量与能量衡算,建立逆流板式蒸发冷却器传递过程的数学模型.分析了刘易斯数、刘易斯关系式与刘易斯因子之间的区别与联系;计算得到了蒸发式冷却器空气与水热湿交换过程的刘易斯因子取值范围大约在0.75～0.95之间,其受水温和空气湿球温度影响较大.分析了刘易斯因子取值在0.5～1.5范围内对冷却器流体出口状态、热量交换与冷却效率的影响,以及应用刘易斯关系式所导致的误差,结果表明应用刘易斯关系式导致的冷却效率相对误差小于2%,工程应用该简化是合理的.     

电离势,电子亲和势,电负性与酸碱软硬度

本文用Lewis酸的平均电离势对其电负性作图;用Lewis碱的第一电子亲和势对其电负性作图,得出分类软酸、硬酸和软碱、硬碱的两个方程: H_A=∑I_n/n-3.1x 2.6 (1) H_B=A 3.51x-7.24 (2)运用(1)式计算了113种酸的硬度值,用(2)式计算了59种碱的硬度值。突破了复杂酸碱的标度问题。结果与Dearson根据实验所总结的分类一致,与Ahrland和Klopman结果相比较大致呈线性关系。     

新型Lewis酸铁钾矾催化合成己酸乙酯

新型Lewis酸铁钾矾催化己酸和乙醇合成反应生成己酸乙酯,其性能优于硫酸,并且是一种绿色催化剂.研究了催化剂的用量、酸醇摩尔比、反应时间对酯化反应的影响.实验结果表明,较佳的反应条件为：催化剂用量1.0 g/0.05 mol己酸,酸醇物质的量比为1∶2.4,反应时间为100 min,此条件下己酸转化率为94.3%.     

Chemical reductionism revisited: Lewis, Pauling and the physico-chemical nature of the chemical bond

The wave-mechanical treatment of the valence bond, by Walter Heitler and Fritz London, and its ensuing foundational importance in quantum chemistry has been traditionally regarded as the basis for the argument that chemistry may be theoretically reduced to physics. Modern analyses of the reductionist claim focuses on the limitations to achieving full reduction in practice because of the approximations used in modern quantum chemical methods, but neglect the historical importance of the chemical bond as a chemical entity. This paper re-examines these arguments with a study of the development of the valence bond by chemist Gilbert Lewis within a chemically autonomous framework, and its extension by Linus Pauling using Heitler and London’s methods. Here, we see that the chemical bond is best described as a theoretical synthesis or physico-chemical entity, to represent its full interdisciplinary importance from the philosophical and historical perspectives.     

刘易斯拐点的争辩与求证

由于近几年民工荒的出现,学术界对"刘易斯拐点"是否已经来临进行了争辩。围绕"刘易斯拐点"三个要点,即农村是否存在剩余劳动力、工资是否显著提升和城市化进行求证后发现,中国经济"刘易斯拐点"并没有来临,中国目前仍处于人口红利时期。     

国际经济格局趋势下的中国普通劳动者权益保护问题研究

多年来,中国被称为世界工厂。然而中国的主要出口商品都是一些中低端产品,制造业的技术含量普遍较低,其竞争力建立在廉价的劳动力成本之上,与此对应的是中国普通劳动者权益福利的丧失。中国人口基数巨大,劳动力市场供大于求。因此,提高普通劳动者权益不能只靠单纯的行政措施,而要顺应国际经济发展的大趋势,建立层次合理的产业结构。通过产业结构调整来增加就业岗位,吸纳劳动力,依靠市场的力量提高普通劳动者的福利。     

The Lewis Acid-promoted Novel Cyclization Reactions Towards N-adn O-Containing Heterocycles

1 Results Nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocyclic systems are important structures in organic chemistry because of their presence in many biologically active compounds.In this work,a new zinc and indium-promoted conjugate addition-cyclization reaction to afford nitrogen and oxygen-containing five-membered heterocycles has been developed.A Lewis acid-catalyzed cyclization of an ethenetricarboxylate derivative with propargylamines or propargyl alcohols to give methylenepyrrolidines and methylenetetrah...     

高氯酸镁在有机合成中的应用

从有机合成化学的角度,按反应类型综述了高氯酸镁作为Lewis酸催化剂在有机化学中的应用.结果表明高氯酸镁在多种有机反应中表现出非常好的催化性能,其催化反应主要涉及保护基团的形成和裂解、氧化和还原反应、成环反应、加成反应、取代反应和重排反应等.     

金属卟啉在不同溶剂中紫外可见吸收光谱的研究

以环己烷作为中性参比溶剂 ,采用Cary5 0紫外可见分光光度计研究了氧钒 2 ,3,7,8,12 ,13,17,18 八乙基卟啉 (VOOEP)和镍 2 ,3,7,8,12 ,13,17,18 八乙基卟啉 (NiOEP)在不同溶剂中的紫外可见吸收光谱。结果发现 ,两种金属卟啉可以与一些Lewis碱性溶剂发生轴向配位作用 ,形成轴向加合物 ,加合物的紫外可见吸收光谱红移 ,α和β吸收带的相对吸收强度比减小 ;金属卟啉和Lewis碱性溶剂之间的轴向配位作用受溶剂碱性和立体构造的影响 ,碱性强、立体阻碍小的Lewis碱性溶剂 (如正丁胺 )易于与金属卟啉发生轴向配位反应 ,VOOEP/正丁胺体系的等吸收点在 4 12 ,5 39,5 78nm处 ,NiOEP/正丁胺体系的等吸收点在 4 0 8,5 2 7,5 6 8nm处。     

Encumbering the intramolecular π donation by using a bridge: A strategy for designing metal-free compounds to hydrogen activation

On the basis of the FLP (frustrated Lewis pair) principle, a new strategy has been proposed to construct the “frustration” in designing metal-free hydrogen activation compounds, by using FMO (frontier molecular orbital) analyses and quantum mechanics calculations. Unlike the known FLPs which use bulky substituents to prevent them from forming stable Lewis acid/base complexes, the new approach encumbers the intramolecular π donation from the electron donor to the acceptor (e.g. in BH₂NH₂) by using a CH₂ bridge (giving BH₂CH₂NH₂). The strategy is simple and effective. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by the small hydrogen activation energy (12.0 kcal/mol) of the model molecule (BH₂CH₂NH₂), which is significantly less than the 42.7 kcal/mol of BH₂NH₂ and also less than the 18.5 kcal/mol of BH₂PH₂ whose derivative, R₂PB(C₆F₅)₂, has been experimentally shown to be able to activate hydrogen. We also exemplified how to use the strategy to design experimentally more realizable molecules. The example shows promises as a hydrogen activation agent. The strategy can be used to design metal-free catalysts for direct hydrogenation.