微波辐射制备PMMA-BMA树脂及其吸附油烟性能

本文提出应用微波辐射法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁脂(PMMA-BMA)吸油烟树脂,采用扫描电子显微镜对吸油烟树脂的表面形貌和孔结构进行了表征,研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、微波功率对树脂吸附气相油烟性能的影响.结果表明,当MMA/BMA配比为0.8:1,引发剂、分散剂和交联剂的用量分别为0.4％、0.3％和0.35％时,所合成的树脂其吸油烟率达到最大,此时树脂表面形成了较多和较深的孔.与常规条件下的合成方法相比,使用微波辐射合成WRT树脂不仅可缩短一半以上的反应时间,而且其吸附气相油烟率也高于普通合成法得到的NR树脂.此外,微波辐射合成的树脂其吸附气相油烟性能还优于普通活性炭和商品的G-1651型高吸油树脂.     

Experimental study on spectral responses of offshore oil slick

Using the seawater taken from Liaodong Bay and crude oil taken from Liaohe Oilfield, a laboratory experiment was designed to study the change of reflectance spectrum of artificial offshore oil slick with its thickness and to identify the spectrum ranges suitable for quantifying the thickness of the oil slick. During the experiment, crude oil was continuously dropped into the seawater to generate artificial oil slick with different thicknesses. After every drop of crude oil was added, reflectance spectrum of the oil slick was measured with a high resolution spectroradiometer （ASD FieldSpec Pro FR）. The influence of oil slick thickness on its reflectance spectrum was explored through statistical analysis. The results show that the reflectance of oil slick changes marginally with oil slick thickness and higher than that of seawater in infrared band from 1150 to 2500 nm. This spectrum range can be practically used to distinguish oil slick from seawater. In the spectrum range from 400 to 1150 nm, the reflectance of oil slick decreases with its thickness. The negative power function is the best-fit function expressing the relationship between the reflectance and thickness. The spectral characteristics of oil slick are very distinct at 550 and 645 nm. They are the best wavelengths for monitoring the existence of offshore oil slick and estimating its thickness.     

Flow characteristics and reaction properties of carbon dioxide in microtubules and porous media

Carbon dioxide reacts with porous media while flowing through them enhancing their permeability. Its flow behavior as well as the permeability enhancement effects were studied in synthetic cores, natural cores and microtubes with an inner diameter of 5 μm. The results show that the permeability of H2O-saturated cores （containing carbonate ingredients） was enhanced by increasing the injection volume of a CO2-H2O solution. This enhancement is attributable to carbon dioxide＇s corrosion, which is justified by SEM scanning. The same phenomenon occurs with a CO2-H2O solution in microtubes, but for a different reason. The gas flow velocity of carbon dioxide in microtubes was approximately 100% faster than that of nitrogen because of the scale and the squeezing effects. Carbon dioxide molecules dissolved in water accelerate the diffusion rate of water molecules within the boundary layer, which in turn diminishes the thickness of the water film and enlarges the effective pore size. This flow behavior facilitates the injection of carbon dioxide into low-permeability reservoirs for oil-displacement and formation energy buildup purposes. This behavior also increases the potential for carbon dioxide channeling or release from the formation.     

蒜头果叶挥发油提取工艺及其成分分析研究

利用超临界CO2萃取法(SFE)对蒜头果叶挥发油进行了提取及其工艺探索,并利用气相色谱-质谱法对挥发油中化合物成分进行了分析.结果表明:SFE法的最佳工艺条件为萃取压力32 MPa,温度45℃;分离Ⅰ压力10 MPa,温度35℃;分离Ⅰ压力6 MPa,温度35℃,在此条件下进行萃取挥发油,收率为0.72%;鉴定出5种成分,占总含量的98.75%,未鉴定1种,其中含量最高的为扁桃腈,相对含量64.98%,其次为苯甲醛,相对含量13.12%.     

卡套式油管的制作

在汽车制动系统中对于Ф8以上较大管径油管的封接一直是个难题,这是因为制动油管通常采用的：喇叭口型和前锥115度型都不适用于大管径油管。而在一些卡车特别是重型卡车和大客车制动油管的管径,往往做到Ф10、Ф12甚至Ф15、中16,在这种大管径的制动系统中往往采用另一种连接方式——卡套式连接方式。另外由于车体空间的限制,一些油管连接端做得很短,例如Ф12管端仅30mm长,这在通常封接中是无法做到的。然而这些问题在卡套式油管中都被解决了。本文讲述了卡套式油管的制作方法,并且对卡套式油管的预先装配和装配过程中时常发生的漏油问题进行了探讨。     

广藿香根的成熟结构及挥发油的分布研究

利用常规石蜡切片、半薄切片和组织化学等方法,对广藿香根的成熟结构和挥发油的分布做了系统研究,结果表明：广藿香根的成熟结构组成类似其它植物的根,但纤细的根中有发达的木质部,其他部分相对较弱。印证了广藿香纤细根来支撑相对庞大地上部分的原因;韧皮部以外部分所含挥发油滴极少,韧皮薄壁组织细胞中含许多小油滴,挥发油主要分布于木薄壁细胞中。因此,在评价和选育广藿香的优良品种时,可以把根内木质部的粗细作为一个评价指标。     

清香木叶与黄连木叶挥发油化学成分的对比

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)提取清香木叶和黄连木叶挥发油;用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对清香木叶和黄连木叶挥发油进行了化学成分的对比研究。鉴定出清香木叶挥发油的28种化合物和黄连木叶挥发油的59种化合物,分别占挥发油总质量的99.54%和83.71%。清香木叶和黄连木叶挥发油都含萜烯类化合物,但清香木叶挥发油以芳香族、萜烯类和酮类化合物为主,三类化合物约占其挥发油质量的95.2%,黄连木叶挥发油以烷烃类、醇类、萜烯类、芳香类和酮类化合物为主,五类化合物约占其挥发油质量的74.2%。     

小白杏杏仁油的酶法提取及脂肪酸组成分析

本文采用中性蛋白酶对新疆小白杏杏仁油脂进行了水解提取,并对提取油脂的脂肪酸组成进行了气相色谱分析。主要探讨了酶解pH值、温度、反应时间以及酶用量4个因素对油脂提取率的影响。研究表明:当中性蛋白酶用量为2000IU/g杏仁,酶解pH 7.5,温度60℃的条件下,酶解2.0h后,杏仁油脂总提取率达88.81%;杏仁油的气相色谱脂肪酸分析表明:小白杏杏仁油主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成,可达油脂总量的91.07%,其中主要为油酸和亚油酸,含量分别为40.92%和49.30%。     

车用发动机润滑油流动特性研究

为提高车用发动机的润滑效果,建立一套用于研究流体在管路中流动特性的实验系统.基于Bernoulli方程等,研究了三种润滑油的流动摩擦系数、管件出口流量系数、能量损失系数.研究表明,在雷诺数为10＜Re＜140范围内的流动特性参数实验系统是有效的和适用的,可以为预测和深入研究对应管路中流体的流动特性提供基础.     

光纤油井压力温度监测系统

介绍了光纤油井压力温度检测系统,并对下井过程中遇到的问题进行了剖析。运用该系统对胜利油田某注水井的温度、压力信息进行了实时在线测量,传感器下井井深1100m,测得的温度值为50℃左右,压力值为16MPa左右。描绘了油井井下温度压力信息变化曲线,为提高油田油井的采收率,了解井下信息提供了真实的数据依据。