吐哈盆地北部红旗坎地区侏罗系构造特征研究

红旗坎地区整体为由北向南的双重逆冲推覆叠瓦构造特征,区内断裂发育。受NW—SE 向挤压应力作用,侏罗系主要发育SW—NE 向主控断裂和与之垂直或斜交的NW—SE 向或近南北向次级断裂。主控断裂由北向南逐次逆冲叠置,形成特有的前展式叠瓦状断裂组合样式和平面彼此平行呈“川”字型展布的断裂分布特征。红旗坎构造带从西向东呈现出叠瓦逆冲—叠瓦堆垛—叠瓦逆冲三段有所差异的双重叠瓦逆冲构造特征,其叠瓦逆冲构造发育期主要为侏罗纪末期,白垩纪末期逆冲推覆构造运动对红旗坎双重逆冲叠瓦构造的发育具有重要的作用,后经喜马拉雅期大角度逆冲推覆运动改造而定型。     

四川盆地地表剥蚀量恢复及其意义

磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)热隆升史模拟能够定量恢复盆地四维动态热隆升剥蚀过程.根据四川盆地93件磷灰石裂变径迹样品定量热史模拟表明,晚白垩世以来盆地发生了广泛的阶段式抬升剥蚀作用,即晚白垩世(～65 Ma前)快速隆升剥蚀、古近纪(65～23 Ma前左右)缓慢隆升剥蚀、新近纪(23 Ma前至今)快速隆升剥蚀.晚白垩世至今盆地范围内隆升剥蚀总厚度普遍大于2.5 km,新近纪快速隆升剥蚀幅度普遍大于1 km.进一步结合31组镜质体反射率反演校正剥蚀量数据,编绘阶段性(晚白垩世以来和新近纪)四川盆地地表剥蚀量等厚图,综合表明晚白垩世以来四川盆地隆升剥蚀量等值线展布格局发生根本变化,即早期主要以NE向展布格局为主(具近NE向和E-W向特征),新近纪则主要以近E-W向展布格局、盆地南北分异(北部地区隆升剥蚀量普遍小于2 km,南部地区普遍大于2 km)为主.四川盆地大中型油气田空间分布与晚中生代-新生代低剥蚀量具有密切联系.     

Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic de′collement structure and its deep geological background in western Shandong, China

Data from seismic reflection profiles, drilling, stratigraphy, structural deformation studies and physical rock properties reveal the existence of de′col1ement structures in both shallow and deep levels in western Shandong, China. The most outstanding shallow de′col1ement structures occur along the regional unconformity surface between the Cambrian and Archean, and the disconformity surface between the Carboniferous and Ordovician. The de′col1ement structure surface manifests as a fault zone with cataclastic rocks and asymmetrical folds. Some of the cataclastic rocks underwent dynamic metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration, including silicification, marbleization and specularite mineralization. Above the de′col1ement structure, the bottom of the Cambrian might be missing or overprinted because of de′collement. The striations, asymmetrical folds and boudinage structures indicate the direction of the main de′collement to the NNW and NNE. A deep level de′collement structure occurs at a depth of 12–22 km and up to 30 km distance to the south. The early Cretaceous and Eocene are two main periods of activity, with the Cretaceous de′collement probably initiated by mantle upwelling derived from subduction and collision of the Yangtze Plate with the North China Plate along the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault in the late Triassic–early Jurassic. This circumstance implies a multidirection of subduction and collision of these two plates in the early late Mesozoic.     

The discovery of whole-plant fossil cycad from the Upper Triassic in western Liaoning and its significance

A recently discovered megafossil of whole plant cycad is briefly reported here. The specimen is collected from the Yangcaogou Formation （Upper Triassic） in Changheying, Beipiao, Liaoning. The whole plant is preserved intact on a sandstone slab, 89 cm long and 130 cm wide, including leaves up to 82 cm long and a male cone physically attached to the stem apex. Analysis on the morphology, arrangement and venation of leaf and pinna, male cone and its relationship with other parts indicates that the fossil is closely related to living Zamiaceae in Cycadales. This cycad fossil is hitherto most completely preserved cycad specimen including both vegetative and reproductive organs. Its discovery contributes much to our understanding of the morphology and evolution of cycads, palaeoclimate as well as palaeoenvironment.     

吐鲁番坳陷中下侏罗统层序地层格架内有利储集砂体分布规律

利用层序地层学理论,在吐鲁番坳陷中下侏罗统确定3类层序界面识别标志,划分出5个三级层序,10个四级层序,建立吐鲁番坳陷中下侏罗统的层序地层格架.研究结果表明:吐鲁番坳陷侏罗纪时期南部物源发育,中下侏罗统地层具有南薄北厚的特点;其层序形成具缓坡背景浅水湖盆和具沉积坡折背景浅水湖盆2种发育模式;吐鲁番坳陷中下侏罗统共发育5套主要的有利储集砂体,其中三间房组下部沉积的辫状河-曲流河三角洲中厚层-厚层砂岩层是研究区最有利储集砂体.     

准南煤田侏罗系地层层序界面识别及意义

本文在收集研究以往地质勘查资料的基础上,运用层序地层和现代沉积学理论,研究了准南煤田侏罗系地层层序界面特征,总结出了层序地层界面识别标志有:露头标志、钻探岩芯、测井物理曲线、沉积物的颜色、沉积相的突变及地层不整合面所揭示的层序界面特征,以上标志可帮助我们恢复古地理,建立层序地层格架,研究沉积环境和沉积展布,为煤层及伴生资源的勘查研究提供依据。     

准南煤田侏罗系地层层序与聚煤特征研究

本文在收集研究以往地质勘查资料的基础上,运用层序地层理论和现代沉积学理论,研究了准南煤田侏罗系地层层序,总结出了不同层序体系域下聚煤特征和规律,该研究可帮助我们丰富准南侏罗系层序地层理论,对掌握该区煤层厚度和煤层气储层厚度和分布具有现实意义。     

商州晚更新世黄土微结构特征及环境意义

以商州二龙山晚更新世以来黄土剖面为例,应用粒度分析和扫描电子显微镜对商州晚更新世黄土的微结构进行分析,探讨了黄土微结构特征与其形成环境的关系.表明粒度<5um的粘粒级含量在黄土与古土壤中差异最大,S1古土壤达30.39%,而L1黄土仅为24.7%;S1古土壤中大量出现铁质粘粒胶膜并呈流胶状,结构密实;L1黄土粘粒胶结物含量较少,土质疏松.得出了商州晚更新世S1古土壤形成于湿热的森林环境,L1黄土形成于凉偏湿的草原环境,S0黑垆土形成于湿温的气候环境.     

鲁西隆起晚中生代以来北西向正断层特征及物理模拟

鲁西隆起区伸展构造极为发育,通过野外地质调查对隆起区北西向正断层的几何学特征进行研究,采用平衡剖面演化方法,选取横穿该区北西向断层的一条剖面,定量计算正断层横向上和垂向上晚中生代以来各主要构造演化阶段的构造运动学参数,并通过构造物理模拟实验详细解析鲁西隆起区伸展变形过程。研究结果表明,北西向控凹断层在三叠纪后皆发生负反转,晚中生代鲁西隆起受到强烈拉伸,伸展构造主要发生在19~20 km以下的深尺度范围内,断层切割深度加大。断裂带上普遍发育断层角砾岩、碎裂岩及断层泥。古近纪伸展作用以浅层拉伸为主,鲁西伸展量和伸展率最大,伸展作用强烈,对应北西向正断层的活动速率值也达最大值,同时发育大规模、范围广的半地堑。新近纪,伸展率很小,北西向正断层活动性大大减弱,至第四纪,断层几乎不再活动,反映鲁西隆起基本处于稳定。鲁西隆起晚中生代的伸展与华北克拉通构造变革相一致,而新生代的强烈伸展主要受控于太平洋板块与欧亚板块俯冲方向与速度的改变以及印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞。     

柴达木盆地西部侏罗系油气勘探前景

柴达木盆地西部的侏罗系发育中、下侏罗统大、小煤沟组和上侏罗统采石岭组、红水沟组两套地层。中、下侏罗统以暗色含煤建造为主,暗色泥页岩发育;上侏罗统以氧化环境下沉积的红色碎屑岩建造为主,不具备生烃能力。区域地质调查及地震解释资料揭示中、下侏罗统湖相暗色泥页岩分布广、残留厚度大, 在清水沟和月牙山北分别发育了288m和256m厚的烃源岩。有机地球化学分析表明烃源岩有机碳含量平均达1.62%;有机质类型以Ⅱ2型为主,部分为Ⅲ型;正处于成熟阶段的生、排烃高峰期,具有较强的生烃能力。该区生储盖匹配良好,圈闭发育,具有较好的石油地质条件和良好的油气勘探前景。