Climate instability during the last glaciation recorded in the Yuanbu loess section

Abrupt events within the Linxia Yuanbu loess section in the western Loess Plateau in China were investigated. The climatic proxy index of the content of mean grain-size and >4 μm grain-size fraction of the section was used as a climatic indicator, and a moving average method was applied in the statistical analysis to extract the abrupt events recorded in the section. It was found that the loess of the last glaciation recorded not only the abrupt events teleconnected with the high-latitude North Atlantic and Greenland regions but also as many as 15 abrupt events in addition to the Heinrich (H) and Younger Dryas (YD) events. This indicates that abrupt climate changes were typical of the climate changes occurring in the Loess Plateau during the last glaciation. The widely recognized mechanisms of the abrupt climate changes, including the heat transfer theory of the North Atlantic Ocean, the atmospheric circulation theory, and the theory of the interaction between low-latitude ocean and the atmosphere remains to be discussed. Perhaps this problem could be resolved by revealing the relation between the evolution of the features of the East Asian monsoon climate and the climate in the surrounding areas. Through a detailed study of the features of the Heinrich and YD events, criteria on which the abrupt events recorded in the loess could be distinguished were tentatively defined. The events were associated with a large grain size, high carbonate content, high lightness, low susceptibility, low redness and low yellowness. In addition, the variation amplitude of the adjacent peak and valley on the curve of the content of the mean grain-size and >40 μm grain-size fraction was larger than 3.4 μm and the content of >40 μm grain-size fraction was larger than 2.0 μm. Lastly, the length of the variation time was less than 500 years. If all these criteria were met, the event was viewed as an abrupt event.     

铝合金腐蚀损伤统计研究

运用LY12CZ的腐蚀实验数据,根据高强铝合金的失效模式:点蚀—晶间腐蚀—剥蚀,建立了对最大腐蚀深度分类的概率神经网络模型,输出结果与实验数据比较吻合。在此基础上,对分类后的最大腐蚀深度的统计研究表明:高强铝合金点蚀的最大腐蚀深度服从Gumbel第一型极值分布,晶间腐蚀阶段服从正态分布和三参数威布尔分布,发生剥蚀后的最大腐蚀深度服从三参数威布尔分布。对高强铝合金的最大腐蚀深度,应用三种或两种分布类型,而非单一分布来表征其分布规律。     

辽南地区末次冰期以来的环境变化

本文通过对大连七顶山黄土剖面的光释光(OSL)年代、磁化率、地球化学元素、粒度特征等数据,综合分析辽南地区末次冰期以来的环境变化过程,研究结果显示:相当于黄土高原马兰黄土的堆积形成时代为距今125ka。在末次冰期早期(MIS4-5d),86-113ka,沉积物质量磁化率介于6.97-24.14×10-8m3kg-1之间,平均值为14.699×10-8m3kg-1;颗粒粒径较细(3.89-5.22准);硅铝率平均值6.756;风化淋溶系数0.4-0.73之间;退碱系数均值0.333;镁铝比均值22.901。与末次冰期晚期相比,质量磁化率值较高,化学元素各项指标值较低,明了该阶段辽南整体气候环境较为干冷,但并未达到末次冰期晚期程度。而在末次冰盛期时(22-31ka,MIS2),磁化率平均值为6.974×10-8m3kg-1,明显低于末次冰期早期,粒度均值处于3.47准-4.77准之间,主要以颗粒较粗的细砂、粗粉砂为主,粒度明显变粗,硅铝率平均为6.998;风化淋溶系数均值为0.829,退碱系数值0.66,镁铝比值均值28.725,各参数比较一致地表明该阶段研究区整体处于干冷的气候环境之下,堆积作用较活跃。而在末次冰期中期(MIS3)时,OSL年代31-86ka,该区气候条件以温暖湿润为主,黄土遭到侵蚀。     

岩土工程反分析的最大熵原理

以概率与数理统计理论和现代信息理论为基础，针对目前岩土工程随机反演中常用的极大似然法和贝叶斯法，从随机过程入手，应用最大熵原理推导了这两种方法的准则函数，它的理论意义在于，从数据信息的角度对极大似然反分析法和贝叶斯反分析法进行了重新认识，比过去仅从数据和算法本身研究反演问题多了一个参照系，使得对传统意义上反分析法中的不确定性研究有了一个新的模式。     

隧道爆破作用下建筑物振动响应分析——以青岛地铁四线大断面隧道为例

依托青岛地铁1号线四线大断面隧道工程,使用8台TC-4850测振仪对隧道下穿的一栋7层砖混结构建筑物进行了长期监测。通过分析数据,结合Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)方法研究了建筑物的振动响应规律。结果表明：振速随楼层升高先减小后略微增大,在顶层表现出放大效应。垂直向峰值振速无法反映建筑物高层的受震情况。距掌子面3~10 m范围内空洞效应最显著,已开挖区的地表振速大于未开挖区。振速最大值出现在距掌子面3～10 m范围内,表现出极振效应。垂直向爆破振动信号的Hilbert谱呈现明显的多峰值结构,频率分布在20~250 Hz,已开挖区的频带范围比未开挖区有所降低。研究成果对隧道爆破振动控制及建筑物保护具有参考价值     

永暑岛海域短波通信保障研究

介绍了南海海域当前面临的军事斗争的严峻性以及短波通信作为战略通信手段而发挥作用的必要性;分析了我国境内对永暑岛海域通信的发射仰角、最高可用频率等关键参数的四季分布,并以海口、重庆和北京三地区为例,给出了三条链路冬夏两季最高可用频率的日夜变化规律;根据分析的结果,确定了对永暑岛海域通信的链路中使用的天线类型、最低可用频率,并对其中两条链路中永暑岛海域接收信噪比区域覆盖进行了仿真。     

基于降维理念与无量纲解法的落石冲击力推导

落石灾害是我国三大地质灾害之一，防护结构合理设计的前提即是准确解析落石最大冲击力。为探索更为有效的冲击力算法，本研究根据降维理念，结合落石冲击垫层力学特性、几何关系及能量守恒原理，提出了一种落石冲击力的MDR算法。基于室内模型试验及无量纲理念提出了一种无量纲算法。通过杨其新试验算法与扩大系数理念，分别提出了落石冲击力的三角形修正算法、正弦修正算法、数值模拟修正算法。经研究表明：针对某在建特长铁路隧道洞口危岩落石情况，本文5种算法结果整体具备一定吻合度与可靠性。相较而言，日本、瑞士算法结果或适度偏高，这可能由于二者均未考虑垫层参数影响所致。杨其新算法结果整体相对偏低。通过Pichler野外落石冲击试验及彻底关大桥冲击灾害实例，再次验证了本研究算法可靠性，研究成果可为落石防护工程设计提供借鉴参考。