Deep-water Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum （EOGM） in South Atlantic

The most prominent cooling event of the Earth surface during Cenozoic in the long-term transition from a non-glaciated planet, or “green-house world”, to a polar, glaciated planet, or “ice-house world”, is the Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) above the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at about 33.7 Ma. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate content, and coarse fraction, along with high-resolution color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility records during 35-30 Ma, from deep-water Sites 1262 and 1265, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 208 in South Atlantic, reveal the global cooling event occurring in both surface and deep oceans. The results show that the earliest Oligocene δ^18O values during 33.5-33.1 Ma represent the magnitude of continental ice sheets on east Antarctica and indicate the large decrease in both surface and deep water temperatures of worldwideoceans. The δ^13C records show the large excursion during the period of EOGM event and indicate some types of shift in global carbon reservoir, probably demonstrating the sudden increase in organic carbon burial rates and the changes in the distribution and timing of production. At the same time, lithologic composition, carbonate content, color reflectance, and coarse fraction brought about significant changes close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, reflecting the abrupt deepening in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Changes in carbonate content were revealed from the color reflectance identify periodicities associated with eccentricity of the Earth‘s orbit (100 and 400 ka), further indicating orbitally forced global climate variations in the Early Oligocene.     

风景旅游区游客流空间移动模式的实证研究

采用移动比率矩阵阈值分析法、景区选择顺序评分法，揭示了崀山旅游区游客流的移动模式：以最奇特景区为汇点、组合最美景区为意境中的终点，旅客旅游中预去的景区数与途中距离成正比，进入的方向影响到首位景区的选择等规律，并分析其成因，在此基础上对崀山旅游线路的优化提出初步建议。     

黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

关于对数正态分布参数极大似然估计的讨论

利用图解法研究了由EM算法得出的有数据删失情况下对数正态分布参数的极大似然估计,得到了在Matlab中利用迭代算法计算参数估计值的方法.     

与支配集有关的上可嵌入图

结合图的支配集与其他相关条件,证明了如下结果:(1)设G是无环连通图,如果G中含有一个子图为轮W,且V(W)={x,y1,y2,,yt}(t≥3)为图G的一个支配集,则图G是上可嵌入的.(2)设G是无环连通图,如果G中含有一个子图为完全二部图D=(X,Y;E),且V(D)=X∪Y为图G的一个支配集(其中|X|≥3,|Y|≥4),则图G是上可嵌入的.     

Palaeoclimatic distribution models predict Pleistocene refuges for the Neotropical harvestman Geraeocormobius sylvarum (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)

This paper primarily aims to test a Pleistocene refuge-type scenario, as previously proposed for the gonyleptid Geraeocormobius sylvarum, a semi-deciduous forests dweller in subtropical Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Palaeodistributional models of this species were built using MaxEnt for two Last Glacial Maximum (LGM = 21,000 years ago) simulations – Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC) – and for 6000 years ago (?6k = HCO, the Holocene climatic optimum). Both LGM models retrieved a fragmented pattern. For CCSM, range was split into multiple, scattered fragments. MIROC resulted in very few patches, with a decided range reduction because of a strong humidity drop. Models for ?6k recovered a moderate range expansion. No past connection between the core area and the yungas was predicted. Analysis of variables importance showed that two precipitation predictors (bc18, precipitation warmest quarter; bc14, precipitation driest month) and two temperature predictors (bc7, temperature annual range; bc9, mean temperature driest quarter) scored as the most influencing overall. The Limiting Factor analysis recognized them as limiting too, in different parts of the species range. LGM palaeomodels of G. sylvarum are compatible with the refuge hypothesis invoked in previous molecular analyses, to explain the high genetic diversity found in the core area. Additionally, the results reinforced the hypothesis of the recent anthropogenic origin of the yungas disjunct populations.     

正态分布随机参数的一种估计方法

本文提出了一种最大似然估计方法,可对一般非线性模型中服从正态分布的随机参数的均值、协方差矩阵及其在各观测时刻的取值进行合理的估计。     

△(G)=4的平面连通图的存在性及其分布区域

本文证明了两个关于最大度为4的平面连通图的存在性定理,并确定了此图类的三种类型的分布区域。     

汉语语音剪裁效应初探

在话音插空(TASI和DSI)系统中,不可避免地会出现语音的首部剪裁、中部剪裁和尾部剪裁现象。这种剪裁现象如果不能被控制在适当的范围内,就会影响话音的质量和可懂度。因此,掌握剪裁现象对话音质量影响的规律,尽可能地把这种影响控制在人们觉察不出的范围内,是话音插空技术中一个主要研究课题。本文给出了一个利用微型计算机进行话音突发首部剪裁实验的方案。通过对实验结果的分析,试图给出汉语普通话语音首部剪裁对话音质量和可懂度影响的规律。     

近独立粒子系统计理论的另一种统一形式

本文从最大信息熵原理出发,导出了对处于平衡态的近独立粒子系普遍适用的单粒子态的分布几率,并用以计算系统的热力学量,从而给出了另一种形式的统一理论。