巴基斯坦科技教育政策的历史和现状

 系统梳理巴基斯坦1947-2017年的全国性教育政策文本，发现巴基斯坦政府颁布的9份教育政策文件均涉及科技教育内容。结合政局和一般社会发展状况的分析发现，巴基斯坦科技教育政策及其实施经历了4个阶段的变化。1947-1971年，受国家整体知识发展水平限制，新生国家面临各种国内外政治经济等迫切问题，科技教育政策无法得到完全实施。1972-1998年，巴基斯坦国内外政治局势变换，教育政策未得到持续、稳定的有效实施，科技教育发展缓慢。1998年以来，政治环境得到改善，科技教育真正开始得到重视并快速发展。目前巴基斯坦科技教育尚处于精英教育和实用教育阶段，投入短缺和无专门管理机构，是掣肘其科技教育规划落实的两大因素。     

Quantum reality: A pragmaticized neo-Kantian approach

Despite remarkable efforts, it remains notoriously difficult to equip quantum theory with a coherent ontology. Hence, Healey (2017, 12) has recently suggested that “quantum theory has no physical ontology and states no facts about physical objects or events”, and Fuchs et al. (2014, 752) similarly hold that “quantum mechanics itself does not deal directly with the objective world”. While intriguing, these positions either raise the question of how talk of ‘physical reality’ can even remain meaningful, or they must ultimately embrace a hidden variables-view, in tension with their original project. I here offer a neo-Kantian alternative. In particular, I will show how constitutive elements in the sense of Reichenbach (1920) and Friedman (1999, 2001) can be identified within quantum theory, through considerations of symmetries that allow the constitution of a ‘quantum reality’, without invoking any notion of a radically mind-independent reality. The resulting conception will inherit elements from pragmatist and ‘QBist’ approaches, but also differ from them in crucial respects. Furthermore, going beyond the Friedmanian program, I will show how non-fundamental and approximate symmetries can be relevant for identifying constitutive principles.     

科学报告英语术语翻译研究——以《联合国教科文组织科学报告2010》为例

科技术语翻译在科技发展、传播和交流过程中扮演着重要角色,由于专业知识和术语构成的复杂性,科技术语翻译成为科技翻译中的瓶颈。文章针对目前科学报告术语翻译混乱和翻译标准不一致的问题,从《联合国教科文组织科学报告2010》中选取典型术语翻译实例,在当前科技术语翻译研究的基础上,试从三个方面提出科学报告术语标准化翻译的策略。     

Divergence of values and goals in participatory research

Public participation in scientific research has gained prominence in many scientific fields, but the theory of participatory research is still limited. In this paper, we suggest that the divergence of values and goals between academic researchers and public participants in research is key to analyzing the different forms this research takes. We examine two existing characterizations of participatory research: one in terms of public participants' role in the research, the other in terms of the virtues of the research. In our view, each of these captures an important feature of participatory research but is, on its own, limited in what features it takes into account. We introduce an expanded conception of norms of collaboration that extends to both academic researchers and public participants. We suggest that satisfying these norms requires consideration of the two groups' possibly divergent values and goals, and that a broad characterization of participatory research that starts from participants' values and goals can motivate both public participants’ role in the research and the virtues of the research. The resulting framework clarifies the similarities and differences among participatory projects and can help guide the responsible design of such projects.     

开放科学及建构的制度逻辑

科学与技术是两种不同的制度模式,前者属于科学共和国"Republic of Science",后者属于技术王国"Realm of Technology",两者具有天生的互补性。开放科学作为一种非市场化的激励制度,提出一套基于优先权的报酬体制,强调在知识产权保护前提下追求创新知识社会福利的最大化,对于催生高质量的研究和创新(Research&Innovation)至关重要。本文在阐述开放科学起源、发展与理论内涵的基础上,重点从公共资助、累积创新、知识产权保护和知识分工四个方面,深入探究了开放科学建构的制度逻辑。     

关于我国情报学定量研究的理性思考

从科学研究方法论出发,分析了定量研究与定性研究的性质以及二者的区别与联系,指出了我国情报学定量研究应用中存在的问题,探讨了研究工具与对象的匹配、定性研究与定量研究的配合以及如何看待数学工具等问题。     

Carnap on unified science

Unified science is a recurring theme in Carnap's work from the time of the Aufbau until the end of the 1930's. The theme is not constant, but knows several variations. I shall extract three quite precise formulations of the thesis of unified science from Carnap's work during this period: from the Aufbau, from Carnap's so-called syntactic period, and from Testability and Meaning and related papers. My main objective is to explain these formulations and to discuss their relation, both to each other and to other aspects of Carnap's work.     

Accountability and values in radically collaborative research

This paper discusses a crisis of accountability that arises when scientific collaborations are massively epistemically distributed. We argue that social models of epistemic collaboration, which are social analogs to what Patrick Suppes called a “model of the experiment,” must play a role in creating accountability in these contexts. We also argue that these social models must accommodate the fact that the various agents in a collaborative project often have ineliminable, messy, and conflicting interests and values; any story about accountability in a massively distributed collaboration must therefore involve models of such interests and values and their methodological and epistemic effects.     

科学饮食 营造健康生活

饮食是人类生存的根本,是生命的源泉。伴随着人民生活水平的提高和对餐饮业需求的增长,饮食健康成了一道靓丽的风景。饮食文化、合理膳食、科学烹调和饮食习惯引起了人们广泛关注。