When horsetails became giants

Horsetails arose in the Late Devonian,evolved a greater diversity and forming fast growing bamboo-like thickets in the Carboniferous lowland swamp forest ecosystems.However,the diversity of this group drastically declined during the Permian while the climate became more dynamic and arid.Today only a single surviving genus exists,the herbaceous Equisetum.Here we report an exceptional large horsetail tree from the Early Permian Petrified Forest of Chemnitz.This fossil horsetail tree is assigned to Arthropitys bistriata (Cotta) Goeppert.It is 15 m high and over 25 cm in diameter,with thick wood and at least 3 orders of woody branching system formed a big canopy,and is morphologically very comparable with the living woody higher plants.This suggests that the plasticity mechanism of Permian calamitaleans enabled novel growth strategies when they competed with the rising gymnosperms during the environmental changes.     

Petrogenesis of Aoyougou high-silica adakite in the North Qilian orogen, NW China: Evidence for decompression melting of oceanic slab

A trondhjemitic body occurs in the Aoyougou area,the western part of the North Qilian orogen.It is geochemically characterized by high SiO 2,Na 2 O (high Na/K),elevated Sr/Y and (La/Yb) N,positive Sr anomaly,relatively enriched large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs),and depleted Nb,Ta,Ti,resembling the high-silica adakite.Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP dating yields a weighted mean age of 438±3 Ma.This age is significantly younger than eclogitization ages of 460-490 Ma in the North Qilian orogen,suggesting that formation of the adakite postdates the subduction of oceanic crust in association with closure of the ancient Qilian Ocean.Whole-rock Sr and Nd isotopic analyses give initial ratios of I Sr =0.7044 0.7047 and Nd (t)=3.0 4.1,indicating that they are derived from partial melting of the juvenile oceanic crust.In view of the tectonic evolution of the North Qilian orogen,the high-silica adakite was probably derived from decompression melting of the exhumed eclogite at the depth of ～60 km.     

近30年来农村宗族研究述评

宗族是我国农村最古老的组织,在生产力不发达条件下对人类的繁衍、生存与发展作用巨大,新时期仍将继续发挥作用。近30年关于农村宗族的研究涉及到农村宗族产生的原因、改革开放后农村宗族的复兴、农村宗族变化、农村宗族功能等多个方面内容,研究成果较为丰硕。学者们从不同的视角对农村宗族进行了探索,但缺乏较为系统的研究。同时,研究结论也存在争议,对待宗族的态度不客观,对农村宗族的存在持否定态度的学者居多。跳出传统静态思维,结合历史和农村的现实,用一种包容辩证的动态思维看待宗族,所得出的结论将会更为准确客观。     

开封旅游演艺《千回大宋》的发展路径研究

作为开封主要旅游演艺项目之一,《千回大宋》在短暂的市场繁荣后就渐显疲态.通过分析开封旅游演艺的总体发展及《千回大宋》的特色与不足,综合认为《千回大宋》未来的有效发展需要从以下几个方面着手:1)破除阴影屏蔽,重塑演艺形象; 2)凝练演艺内容,提升演艺品质; 3)丰富演出形式,提高观演效果; 4)提升服务意识,完善营销网络.     

Starch grain evidence reveals early pottery function cooking plant foods in North China

Early pottery sherds excavated in northern China date back to more than 11,000 cal a BP, and are presumed to have been used as cooking vessels. There has been, however, no direct evidence to demonstrate this function. Here we report ancient starch grains recovered from carbonized residues adhering to the bases of flat- bottomed vessels excavated from the Zhuannian site dating more than 10,000 cal a BP in the North China Plain. This evidence demonstrates that early pottery was being used to cook cereal grains, particularly millets, and acorns. Because millets were in the process of domestication at thistime, we propose that pottery invention in northern China may have been related to early farming activities.     

川西拗陷上三叠统断层封闭性研究

本文用裂缝充填物、碳氧同位素、声发射、包体均一温度测定等方法确定川西拗陷上三叠统断层形成期次,研究其与油气演化的匹配关系;用钻井、流体性质、地层压力、断层面剖面图、断裂带地面调查等多种方法和资料,综合研究该区内断层的纵向、横向及有效封闭性。并进行区域评价,指出了封闭条件差、中等、好、极好的地区,为提高勘探效益提供了直接铱据。     

甘肃金塔及其附近早白垩世介形类

报道了首次发现于花海－金塔盆地花海凹陷花探９井、湖西新村、阿拉善左旗早白垩世介形类化石。根据它们的组合面貌及其在国内外分布的主要层位,认为：湖西新村原划归为上侏罗统并含有丰富介形化石的这套地层应属下白垩统;花探９井和阿拉善左旗塔塔水沟含化石地层的时代应为早白垩世。这些新的研究成果为建立该地区中生代地层层序奠定了基础,特别是对认识花海－金塔盆地的形成与演化,及进一步的油气勘探提供了新的资料     

渤海L油田早期注聚效果评价方法研究

目前对于早期注聚效果的评价没有成熟的方法,增油降水的效果基本依靠动态分析方法评价,由于早期注聚与晚期注聚的很大不同,造成动态分析方法在评价早期注聚效果方面存在很大的局限性。本文引入一种早期注聚效果评价的新方法,运用数值模拟技术对渤海L早期注聚效果进行全面的评价,建立高精度历史拟合的数值模型,并建立假想的水驱模型,使之与实际模型对比,结果表明,通过数值模拟法计算的增油量与动态分析法相比更加精确,原因是数值模拟法排除了各种措施带来的干扰,且考虑了油田的递减规律。另外建立了不同含水时机注聚的模型,通过分析认为,目前渤海L油田实行的早期注聚在各方面相较其他含水时机注聚具有很大优势。     

准噶尔盆地南缘上侏罗统-下白垩统地层不整合成因和构造演化意义——齐古断褶带剖面的启示

为了深化准噶尔盆地南缘新生代前构造演化研究,以准噶尔盆地南缘山前齐古断褶带上侏罗统-下白垩统露头剖面为例,利用野外地质调查、二维地震剖面解释、无人机航拍建模,分析上侏罗统和下白垩统地层之间地层接触关系,结合重矿物不稳定系数和地层厚度分布,得出区域不整合的成因,建立准噶尔盆地南缘山前晚侏罗世-早白垩世构造演化模式.结果表明:准噶尔盆地南缘齐古断褶带上侏罗统喀拉扎组和下白垩统清水河组地层之间存在角度不整合,与中-晚侏罗世欧亚板块南缘一系列的碰撞拼合背景下构造变形引起的剥蚀密切相关.自晚侏罗世进入挤压构造背景以来,天山北缘的构造活动经历了由强到弱的过程,强烈的构造抬升使得喀拉扎组沉积范围明显缩小并整体遭受暴露剥蚀,清水河组超覆在喀拉扎组地层之上形成区域不整合.     

中国清代中前期城市商业空间演变的规律及其形成机制

城市经济要素对城市的发展和地域扩张影响巨大,中国清代中前期(1644～1840),一些城市的商业空间就已经完全突破了城墙,并向城墙外开阔地延伸.这种地域扩展方式影响着中国城市空间结构和城市形态,并具备其特定的规律.本文立足于对清代中前期中国城市商业空间演变的特点进行分析和总结,力图探寻城市经济要素对城市空间结构的影响规律,以期抛砖引玉,获得指正.