关于超平行体两类椭球为球的条件

 在凸体中,John椭球和新椭球是两类重要的椭球.就超平行体的John椭球是球和超平行体的新椭球是球分别给出一个充分必要条件.     

John Dalton’s puzzles: from meteorology to chemistry

Historical research on John Dalton has been dominated by an attempt to reconstruct the origins of his so-called “chemical atomic theory”. I show that Dalton’s theory is difficult to define in any concise manner, and that there has been no consensus as to its unique content among his contemporaries, later chemists, and modern historians. I propose an approach which, instead of attempting to work backward from Dalton’s theory, works forward, by identifying the research questions that Dalton posed to himself and attempting to understand how his hypotheses served as answers to these questions. I describe Dalton’s scientific work as an evolving set of puzzles about natural phenomena. I show how an early interest in meteorology led Dalton to see the constitution of the atmosphere as a puzzle. In working on this great puzzle, he gradually turned his interest to specifically chemical questions. In the end, the web of puzzles that he worked on required him to create his own novel philosophy of chemistry for which he is known today.     

一种利用前缀编码高效XML查询的策略

基于关系存储的XML数据在处理路径表达式查询时要在多个表上进行计算,增加I/O时间和计算工作量。前缀编码不但保存了祖先子孙信息,可以成为更方便地比较任意两结点关系的工具,利用这个特性,提出了一个利用前缀编码高效支持XML查询的策略。     

后学院时代的科学奖励制度——基于齐曼"真科学"的考察

科学进入了后学院时代。为了促进产业发展,“科学-社会”系统建立了一套与产业科学相适应的激励体系即后学院科学的奖励制度。与学院科学相比,后学院科学的奖励制度具有奖励来源多元化、奖励形式多样性、奖励范围广泛性、奖励标准可操作性等特点。而且,后学院科学在把精神性奖励与物质性奖励结合运用的同时,更加注重物质性奖励在促进科技、产业与经济发展中的重要作用。     

略论杜威基于“实验主义”哲学思想的教育理念

杜威的进步主义教育理论基于其＂实验主义＂的哲学体系。在知识论上他强调知行合一;在道德论上他注重行为与动机、个人与社会的调和;在审美观上他注意生活的经验。所以,在杜威眼里教育是帮助受教者使之生长、发展、改造经验的活动;教育的目的是更多的教育。     

生活世界、生活世界知识与科学知识——对齐曼“生活世界知识”论说的考析

生活世界是人类知识生成和发展的基础与背景,是知识理性的家园。遵循其元科学研究的自然主义路子,齐曼从认识论视角和文化语境,考察了基于生活世界所产生的人类最基本的知识———生活世界知识,探讨了生活世界知识的基本特征,有助于我们厘清生活世界知识与科学知识的关系,进一步把握科学知识的本质。     

哲学与科学的联姻——论杜威哲学思想中的科学因素

杜威早期基于生物学的进化论和心理学的机能主义等形成了他的实用主义和工具主义,中后期又基于现代科学的研究方法和程序来对哲学进行改造,其哲学的最终指向是把自然科学中的研究方法和模式转化为一般性的探究模式,从而指导道德、社会、教育、宗教等广泛的社会人文领域,杜威对于科学的哲学讨论对于理解哲学和科学的关系提供了重要的理论借鉴。     

English engineer John Smeaton's experimental method(s): Optimisation,hypothesis testing and exploratory experimentation

In this paper I provide a detailed account of eighteenth-century engineer John Smeaton's experimental methods, with the aim of bringing our understanding of his work into line with recent research in the history and philosophy of science. Starting from his use of the technique of parameter variation, I identify three distinct methodological aims in the research he carried out on waterwheels, windmills and hydraulic mortars. These aims are: optimisation, hypothesis testing and maxim generation. The main claim of this paper is that Smeaton did more than merely improve engineering methods by systematising earlier artisanal approaches, which is the classic view of Smeaton's method developed by historians of technology in the 1990s. I argue instead that his approach bridged the divide between science and technology, by integrating both hypothesis testing and exploratory experimentation. This is borne out, in particular, by the way that Smeaton emphasised the exploratory side of the work he published in the Philosophical Transactions, in contrast to his account of the construction of the Eddystone lighthouse, which was aimed at a broader, non-specialist public. I contribute to recent research on exploratory experimentation by showing – in line with other work on this topic – that exploratory experimentation is not incompatible with hypothesis testing. This new perspective on Smeaton's method will hopefully lead to further research and new insights into the relation between science and technology at the start of the Industrial Revolution.     

瞬间与永恒——约翰·科利尔《追求者》中的爱情悖论主题研究

英国短篇小说家约翰·科利尔（John Collier）的短篇小说《追求者》（＂The Chaser＂）以＂一语三关＂的标题为线索，通过一位渴望用爱情魔药获得女友爱慕的年轻人与一位卖药老人的对话，巧妙设置多组对立元素，在读者参与文本意义建构的过程中传递真爱无价的人生真谛，并揭示出瞬间的激情难以成为持久永恒的爱情悖论。